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1st Parachute Army (Wehrmacht)

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1st Parachute Army
German: 1. Fallschirm-Armee
General Kurt Student commanded the 1st Parachute Army during the Allied Operation Market Garden
ActiveSeptember 1944 – 5 May 1945
Disbanded5 May 1945
Country Nazi Germany
Branch Luftwaffe
Size30,000 in September, 1944
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Generaloberst Kurt Student

The 1st Parachute Army (German: 1. Fallschirm-Armee) was formed in September, 1944, comprising 30,000 men.

History

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Its first commander was Colonel General Kurt Student, the Wehrmacht's airborne pioneer. During the Allied Operation Market Garden, Student's men delayed the Allied advance across the south of the Netherlands. The 30,000 soldiers were likely the only combat-ready reserve forces in Germany at the time.[1] However, few of the Army's units or personnel were paratroopers.

Student was transferred to the Eastern Front, and on 18 November 1944, command of the First Parachute Army passed to General der Fallschirmtruppe Alfred Schlemm, who opposed the Canadian First Army during the Battle of the Reichswald.

The Canadian First Army and Lieutenant-General William Hood Simpson’s U.S. Ninth Army compressed Schlemm’s forces into a small bridgehead on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Wesel. On 10 March 1945, the rearguard of the 1st Parachute Army evacuated their bridgehead, destroying the bridge behind them. Schlemm was wounded in an air attack on his command post at Haltern eleven days later and on 20 March 1945, command passed to General Günther Blumentritt.

Just before Operation Varsity, First Parachute Army had three corps stationed along the river;

Of these formations, II Parachute Corps and LXXXVI Corps had a shared boundary which ran through the proposed landing-zones for the Allied airborne divisions, meaning that the leading formation of each corps would face the airborne assault — these being 7th Parachute Division and 84th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht).[3] After their retreat to the Rhine both divisions were under-strength and did not number more than 4,000 men each, with 84th Infantry Division supported by only 50 or so medium artillery pieces.[3] In the final days of the war, command passed once more to Student (10 April) and finally to Erich Straube.

Commanding officers

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No. Portrait Commander Took office Left office Time in office
1
Kurt Student
Student, KurtGeneraloberst
Kurt Student
(1890–1978)
1 March 19444 November 1944248 days
2
Alfred Schlemm
Schlemm, AlfredGeneral der Fallschirmtruppe
Alfred Schlemm
(1894–1986)
4 November 194428 March 1945144 days
3
Günther Blumentritt
Blumentritt, GüntherGeneral der Infanterie
Günther Blumentritt
(1892–1967)
28 March 194510 April 194513 days
(1)
Kurt Student
Student, KurtGeneraloberst
Kurt Student
(1890–1978)
10 April 194528 April 194518 days
4
Erich Straube
Straube, ErichGeneral der Infanterie
Erich Straube
(1887–1971)
28 April 19458 May 194510 days

Subunits

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References

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  1. ^ Ryan, Cornelius A Bridge Too Far. 1974. p. 49
  2. ^ Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H (1990). The Second World War 1939-1945 Army - Airborne Forces. Imperial War Museum. ISBN 0-901627-57-7, p. 298
  3. ^ a b Otway, p. 299