Shahid (Algeria)
.jpg) The medal reads verse 169 of the 3rd Surah of the Quran:
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A shahid (Arabic: شَهيد, romanized: Shahīd) is, in Algeria, the official title of any person (Algerian or foreign) who fought during the Algerian War in the ranks of the independence movement (mujahideen) and who fell on the field of honor or who died as a result of his commitment (shuhada). The shahids are designated in Algeria as "the symbol and pride of the Nation".[1]
Definition
[edit]The word shahid is an official status that designates in Algeria any person who is a member of the National Liberation Front or the National Liberation Army, who fell on the field of honor during the Algerian War,[2] or who died during this period as a result of injuries or illnesses, or who disappeared or died in prison or in places of detention or after their release as a result of torture suffered. People who died during events between July 5, 1954 and September 1, 1962 are considered "victims of duty", and are also considered shuhada.[1]
The term was also applied to victims of terrorism during the Algerian Civil War.[3]
In arts and media
[edit]Cinema
[edit]- "Chronique des années de braise (وقائع سنين الجمر, Waqa'i' sinine ed-djamr)", by Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina.[4]
- "La Bataille d'Alger (معركة الجزائر)" by Gillo Pontecorvo is an algerian-italian film distribuited in 1966.[5]
Théâtre
[edit]- "The Martyrs Return This Week (الشهداء يعودون هذا الأسبوع)", by Tahar Ouettar, adapted by M'hamed Benguettaf, directed by Ziani-Chérif Ayad[6]
Littérature
[edit]- "Tahar Djaout, *Les Chercheurs d'os* (novel)", Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 1984, (ISBN 2020067102). Reissued in the 'Points' Collection, no. 824, Éditions du Seuil, 2001 (ISBN 2020484919). Translated into German, 1988. Translated into Catalan, 2003.[7][8]
- "Tahar Ouettar, *Les Martyrs reviennent cette semaine* (الشهداء يعودون هذا الأسبوع)", Baghdad, 1974 - Algiers, 1980 - (in Arabic)[6]
- Mohamed Cherif Ould El Hocine, "*Éléments pour la mémoire. Afin que nul n'oublie. Hommage à nos glorieux Chouhada. De l'Organisation Spéciale (OS) 1947 à l'indépendance de l'Algérie le 5 juillet 1962*", Casbah, Algiers, 2009, (ISBN 9789961648650).[9]
Articles de journaux
[edit]- Mohammed Gadir, Portrait of the Chahid “Commander Ferradj”: Louedj Mohamed, known as “Commander Ferradj”, born on 1934 at Ain Ghoraba (Tlemcen).[10]
Monuments of the martyrs
[edit]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Conventions et accords internationaux - Lois et decrets arretes, decisions, avis, communications et annonces" (PDF). Journal officiel de la République algérienne démocratique et populaire (25). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-09-30.
- ^ L'embuscade de Palestro (in French). 2010. ISBN 978-2-200-35385-8.
- ^ Queffélec, Ambroise; Derradji, Yacine; Debov, Valéry; Smaali-Dekdouk, Dalila; Cherrad-Benchefra, Yasmina (2002). Le français en Algérie. Lexique et dynamique des langues (in French). Bruxelles: Duculot. p. 343. ISBN 2-8011-1294-1.
- ^ "CHRONIQUE DES ANNÉES DE BRAISE". Festival de Cannes (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- ^ "La Bataille d'Alger | Gillo Pontecorvo*** | 1965 | Encyclo-ciné". www.encyclocine.com. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- ^ a b "Les Martyrs reviennent cette semaine". Institut du monde arabe (in French). 2016-07-19. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- ^ Djaout, Tahar (1984). Les chercheurs d'os: roman (in French). Éditions de Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-006710-2.
- ^ "Les chercheurs d'os - Accompagné d'un de ses parents, un adolescent part à la recherche des restes de son frère aîné, - Tahar Djaout - Roman - Djaout Tahar - vente de livres Libristo". www.libristo.com. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- ^ "Eléments pour la mémoire afin que nul n'oublie : de l'organisation spéciale "OS" 1947 à l'indépendance de l'Algérie le 5 juillet 1962 : hommage à nos glorieux chouhada ... | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- ^ "Ain Ghoraba: le portrait du Chahid, le Commandant Ferradj. الشهيد الرئد فراج". mohammedgadiri.blogspot.com (in French). Retrieved 2024-09-30.