File:Lower East Side (6467552265).jpg
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Summary
DescriptionLower East Side (6467552265).jpg |
Lower East Side used to be the most densely populated area in the world, hosting a large working-class immigrant community. From the 1870s through the 1930s, many people began their American Dreams in this neighborhood. But as immigration slowed and social policies changed, especially with the suburban explosion of the 1950s and beyond, this area fell derelict. In recent years, however, young urban professionals looking for affordable housing and conveniences of city life have revitalized and gentrified the area. Most new immigrants lived in tenements like these. By New York City law, a tenement is defined as any residential building with three or more units, though the term usually connotes old working-class buildings like these. City housing codes have evolved to make tenement living more tolerable and safer, such as requiring windows, running power and water, and a minimum number of toilets per residential units, and banning wooden stairs (fire hazard). Needless to say, landlords grumbled about the cost of compliance, and they gave up on many of these buildings when immigration slowed to a trickle after 1924. The immigrants who came to this area at first were Germans and Eastern Europeans in the late 19th Century. By the turn of the 20th Century, Italians and other Southern Europeans were taking over. Today, in a more vitalized Lower East Side, the Chinese, spilling over from nearby Chinatown, are the dominant immigrant group, as evidenced by the laundromat sign. Community organizations and services have always existed (and continue to exist) to cater to the needs of the new immigrants, in their languages and cultures. Also located in this area is the Lower East Side Tenement Museum, which offers guided tours of four preserved tenement buildings on Orchard Street, restored to the period appearance of a given decade and its immigrant resident. I ended up touring a windowless 1870s tenement of a German-speaking Prussian single mother, as well as a much nicer 1930s tenement of an Italian couple, learning their stories. Highly recommended. |
Date | |
Source | Lower East Side |
Author | InSapphoWeTrust from Los Angeles, California, USA |
Camera location | 40° 43′ 05.1″ N, 73° 59′ 23.62″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 40.718083; -73.989894 |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 27 January 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
Items portrayed in this file
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40°43'5.099"N, 73°59'23.618"W
30 October 2011
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 16:13, 27 January 2013 | 1,600 × 1,068 (657 KB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) | Transferred from Flickr by User:russavia |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D5000 |
Exposure time | 1/50 sec (0.02) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:57, 30 October 2011 |
Lens focal length | 40 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 9.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 11:43, 6 December 2011 |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:57, 30 October 2011 |
Shutter speed | 5.643856 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
Exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.8 APEX (f/5.28) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 60 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Subject distance | 4,294,967,295 meters |
Image width | 1,600 px |
Image height | 1,068 px |
Serial number of camera | 3517011 |
Lens used | 18.0-55.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 03:43, 6 December 2011 |
Unique ID of original document | 08506E5B469C3E8910D1981E94111E23 |
IIM version | 26,704 |