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Summary

Description
English: This bar graph shows projected changes in yields of selected crops with global warming. Projected changes are shown for 1-4 °C of global warming, relative to late 20th century. Changes in yield are shown for African maize, Asian rice, Indian wheat, US maize, and US soybean. Summary of changes:
  • African maize: Declining yields at all temperatures, with reductions increasing with temperature.
  • Asian rice: Small increases in yield for 1-2 °C. Yields decrease at 3-4 °C
  • Indian wheat: Losses at all temperatures, with losses increasing with temperature.
  • US maize: Losses at all temperatures, with losses increasing with temperature.
  • US soybean: Gains at 1 °C; no change at 2 °C; and losses at 3-4 °C.

Data

Values are approximate and are taken from the US National Research Council (US NRC, 2011).[1] The first, second, third and fourth numbers are the projected changes in yields (%) for 1, 2, 3 and 4 °C of global warming, respectively.:

  • Africa maize: -14, -25, -37, -46
  • Asia rice: +3, +1, -3.5, -7.5
  • India wheat: -5, -23, -47, -68
  • US maize: -13, -27, -44, -60
  • US soybean: +6, 0, -14, -30

These data are also available as comma-separated values.

US NRC (2011)[1] drew on several studies. The graph does not show the "likely" ranges included in US NRC (2011).[1] The likely range means that there is a 67% chance of the projected change in yield being correct, based on expert judgement.[1] For 1 °C of warming, the likely range is roughly equal to plus or minus (±) 5-10% for all projected changes in yields.

  • For 2 °C: roughly ± 15-20% for all projected changes in yields.
  • For 3 °C: roughly ± 20% for all projected changes " ".
  • For 4 °C: roughly ± 30-35% for all projected changes " ".

These projections broadly show the probable changes in regional yields.[2] The projections do not include measures to adapt to global warming.[2] Actual changes in yields may vary according to local conditions.[2] There are numerous other uncertainties, including how local climate will change with global warming, and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with different magnitudes of global warming.[2] There is also the possibility that yields will change if critical thresholds are crossed.[2] Many of the uncertainties could bias the projections towards underestimating reductions in crop yields.[2] However, adaptation practices could help to reduce losses in yields.[2] Adaptation will be more difficult for higher magnitudes of warming, and may be less effective in tropical regions.[2]

Notes

  1. a b c d Figure 5.1, p.161, in: Sec 5.1 FOOD PRODUCTION, PRICES, AND HUNGER, in: Ch 5: Impacts in the Next Few Decades and Coming Centuries, in US NRC 2011
  2. a b c d e f g h pp.160-162, Sec 5.1 FOOD PRODUCTION, PRICES, AND HUNGER, in: Ch 5: Impacts in the Next Few Decades and Coming Centuries, in US NRC 2011

References

  • US NRC (2011) Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia[1], Washington, D.C., USA: National Academies Press
Date
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Author Enescot
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Comma-separated values

Data were exported from OpenOffice.org 3.4.1 Calc as comma-separated values (csv). The following options were used:

  • Character set: Western Europe 1252
  • Field delimiter: ,
  • Text delimiter: "
  • Quote all text cells: no
  • Save cell content as shown: yes
  • Fixed column width: no
,,,,,,
,,,Global warming relative to late 20th century,,,
,,1,2,3,4,
,Africa maize,-14,-25,-37,-46,
,Asia rice,3,1,-3.5,-7.5,
,India wheat,-5,-23,-47,-68,Change in yields (%)
,US maize,-13,-27,-44,-60,
,US soybean,6,0,-14,-30,

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I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

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23 July 2013

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current11:48, 29 July 2013Thumbnail for version as of 11:48, 29 July 20131,345 × 689 (15 KB)Enescot{{Information |Description ={{en|1=This bar graph shows projected changes in yields of selected crops with global warming. Projected changes are shown for 1-4 °C of global warming, ...

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