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Hair's breadth

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Scanning electron microscope image of a human hair

A hair's breadth, or the width of human hair, is used as an informal unit of a very short length.[1] It connotes "a very small margin" or the narrowest degree in many contexts.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Definitions

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This measurement is not precise because human hair varies in diameter, ranging anywhere from 17 μm to 181 μm [millionths of a metre][8] One nominal value often chosen is 75 micrometres (0.0030 in),[5] but this – like other measures based upon such highly variable natural objects, including the barleycorn[9] – is subject to a fair degree of imprecision.[5][7]

Such measures can be found in many cultures. The English "hair's breadth"[6] has a direct analogue in the formal Burmese system of Long Measure. A "tshan khyee", the smallest unit in the system, is literally a "hair's breadth". 10 "tshan khyee" form a "hnan" (a Sesamum seed), 60 (6 hnan) form a mooyau (a species of grain), and 240 (4 mooyau) form an "atheet" (literally, a "finger's breadth").[10][11]

Some formal definitions even existed in English. In several systems of English Long Measure, a "hair's breadth" has a formal definition. Samuel Maunder's Treasury of Knowledge and Library of Reference, published in 1855, states that a "hair's breadth" is one 48th of an inch (and thus one 16th of a barleycorn).[12] John Lindley's An introduction to botany, published in 1839, and William Withering' An Arrangement of British Plants, published in 1818, states that a "hair's breadth" is one 12th of a line, which is one 144th of an inch or ~176 μm (a line itself being one 12th of an inch).[13][14] Carl Linnaeus had earlier recommended, in place of Joseph Pitton de Tournefort's geometric scale for botanical measurements, a scale starting with a "hair's breadth" (capillus) which was one 12th of a line (linea), one 6th of a (finger) nail (unguis), and likewise 144th of a thumb (pollex); which itself was equal to a (Parisian) inch.[15]

Other body part measurements

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Winning a competition, such as a horse race, "by a whisker" (a short beard hair) is a narrower margin of victory than winning "by a nose."[16][17] An even narrower anatomically-based margin might be described in the idiom "by the skin of my teeth," which is typically applied to a narrow escape from impending disaster. This is roughly analogous to the phrase "as small as the hairs on a gnat's bollock."[18] Some German speakers similarly use “Muggeseggele,” literally “housefly’s scrotum,” as a small unit of measurement.[19]

See also

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References

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Notes

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Hair's breadth (hare's breath)". Grammarist. 10 February 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  2. ^ Hairs breadth. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2015. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "Hairs breadth". Macmillan English Dictionary. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  4. ^ "Hairs breadth". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Smith 2002, p. 253.
  6. ^ a b Crook & Osmaston 1994, p. 133.
  7. ^ a b Johnson 1842, pp. 1257.
  8. ^ Ley, Brian (1999). Elert, Glenn (ed.). "Diameter of a human hair". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  9. ^ Boaz 1823, p. 267.
  10. ^ Latter 1991, pp. 167.
  11. ^ Carey 1814, p. 209.
  12. ^ Maunder 1855, p. 12.
  13. ^ Lindley 1839, p. 474.
  14. ^ Withering 1818, p. 69.
  15. ^ Milne 1805, pp. 417–418.
  16. ^ "Win by a nose". The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company/Dictionary.com. 2002. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  17. ^ "By a nose". Free Dictionary. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  18. ^ "The meaning and origin of the expression: By the skin of your teeth". The phrase finder. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  19. ^ Sellner, Jan (9 March 2009). "Schönstes schwäbisches Wort: Großer Vorsprung für Schwabens kleinste Einheit". Stuttgarter Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.

Sources

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Further reading

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