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Haplogroup M8

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Haplogroup M8
Possible time of origin34,400 YBP[1]
Possible place of originEast Asia
AncestorM
DescendantsM8a, CZ
Defining mutationsA4715G C7196a G8584A A15487t T16298C[1]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M8 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.[2][3]

Origin

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Haplogroup M8 is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup M8 is divided into subclades M8a, C and Z.

Distribution

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It is an East Asian haplogroup. Today, haplogroup M8 is found at its highest frequency in indigenous populations of East Siberia such as Evenk and Yukaghir. Haplogroup M8 is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups among Yakut, Tuvan. Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades, is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigenous peoples of East Siberia. Haplogroup Z, another one of three subclades, is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total). mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, a not well known one of the three subclades, is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).

Table of Frequencies by ethnic group

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Population Frequency Count Source Subclades
Yakut 0.407 378 Pakendorf 2006 C=153, Z=1
Mongolian 0.277 47 Jin 2009 M8a=1, C=10, Z=2
Xibe (Xinjiang) 0.145 137 [citation needed] C=13, Z=7
Han Chinese (Liaoning) 0.120 317 [citation needed] M8a=16, C=14, Z=8
Korean (Chungcheong) 0.103 117 [citation needed] -
Han Chinese (Shandong) 0.099 393 [citation needed] M8a=8, C=14, Z=17
Han Chinese (Shanghai) 0.097 51 [citation needed] M8a=7, C=5, Z=2
Han Chinese (Henan) 0.086 208 [citation needed] M8a=9, C=7, Z=2
Korean (Gangwon) 0.079 114 [citation needed] -
Manchurian 0.075 40 Jin 2009 M8a=1, C=1, Z=1
Korean (Gyeongsang) 0.071 112 [citation needed] -
Korean (Seoul) 0.067 134 [citation needed] -
Korean (Jeolla) 0.059 118 [citation needed] -
Korean (Gwangju) 0.033 60 [citation needed] M8a=2
Japanese 0.032 1312 Tanaka 2004 M8a=18, C=7, Z=17
Vietnamese 0.029 35 [citation needed] -
Han Chinese (South) 0.026 78 [citation needed] -
Korean (Jeju Island) 0.009 113 [citation needed] -
Okinawan 0.003 326 Umetsu 2005 CZ=1
Taiwan Aboriginal 0.000 640 Trejaut 2005 -
Philippines 0.000 59 Tajima 2004 -

Subclades

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Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia. Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).

Tree

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This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup M8 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.

  • M8
    • M8a
      • M8a1 - Ulch
        • M8a1a - Japanese
      • M8a2'3
        • M8a2 - Japanese, Han Chinese
        • M8a2-a* - Japanese, Russia
          • M8a2a'b (T152C!) - Japanese
            • M8a2a - Han Chinese
              • M8a2a1 - Japanese, Han Chinese(Hunan)
                • M8a2a1a1
              • M8a2a1b
              • M8a2a1c - Japanese
            • M8a2b - Japanese, Han Chinese (Shandong)
              • M8a2b1
              • M8a2b2 - Russia
          • M8a2c - Japanese, Han Chinese
          • M8a2d - Han Chinese
          • M8a2e - Ami(Taiwan Aborigines), Han Chinese (Taiwan)
        • M8a3 - Japanese, Han Chinese
          • M8a3a - Han Chinese
            • M8a3a1 - Han Chinese
    • CZ
      • C
        • C1
          • C1a - Ulch, Swedish
          • C1b - Amerindian
            • C1b1
            • C1b2
            • C1b3
            • C1b4
            • C1b5
              • C1b5a
              • C1b5b
            • C1b6
            • C1b7'10 (T16311C!)
              • C1b7
                • C1b7a
              • C1b10
            • C1b8
            • C1b9
            • C1b11
            • C1b12
            • C1b13
              • C1b13a
                • C1b13a1
              • C1b13b
              • C1b13c
                • C1b13c1
              • C1b13d
              • C1b13e
            • C1b14
          • C1c - Amerindian
            • C1c1
              • C1c1a
              • C1c1b
            • C1c2
            • C1c3
            • C1c4
            • C1c5
            • C1c6'7
              • C1c6
              • C1c7
            • C1c8
          • C1d - Amerindian
            • C1d1
              • C1d1a
                • C1d1a1
              • C1d1b
                • C1d1b1
              • C1d1c
                • C1d1c1
              • C1d1d
            • C1d2
              • C1d2a
            • C1d3
          • C1e - Amerindian
          • C1f - Amerindian
        • C4 - Siberian, Mongolian, Han Chinese
          • C4a'b'c
            • C4a
              • C4a1
                • C4a1a
                  • C4a1a1
                    • C4a1a1a
                  • C4a1a2'3'4
                    • C4a1a2
                      • C4a1a2a
                    • C4a1a3
                      • C4a1a3a
                        • C4a1a3a1
                      • C4a1a3b
                      • C4a1a3c
                      • C4a1a3d
                    • C4a1a4
                      • C4a1a4a
                  • C4a1a5
                  • C4a1a6
              • C4a2
                • C4a2a
                  • C4a2a1
                    • C4a2a1a
                    • C4a2a1b
                • C4a2b
                  • C4a2b1
                  • C4a2b2
                    • C4a2b2a
                • C4a2c
                  • C4a2c1
                  • C4a2c2
                    • C4a2c2a
            • C4b
              • C4b1
                • C4b1a
                • C4b1b
              • C4b2
                • C4b2a
              • C4b3
                • C4b3a
                  • C4b3a1
                • C4b3b
              • C4b5
              • C4b6
              • C4b7
              • C4b8
                • C4b8a
            • C4c
              • C4c1
                • C4c1a
                • C4c1b
              • C4c2
          • C4d'e
            • C4d
            • C4e
          • C5 - Siberian, Mongolian, Han Chinese
            • C5a
              • C5a1
              • C5a2
                • C5a2a
                • C5a2b
                  • C5a2b1
            • C5b
              • C5b1
                • C5b1a
                  • C5b1a1
                • C5b1b
                  • C5b1b1
            • C5c'd
              • C5c
                • C5c1
                  • C5c1a
              • C5d
                • C5d1
                • C5d2
          • C7 - Han Chinese, Indo-China Peninsulan
            • C7a
              • C7a1
                • C7a1a
                  • C7a1a1
                  • C7a1a2
                • C7a1c
                • C7a1d
              • C7a2
                • C7a2a
            • C7b
        • Z
          • Z1'2'3'4'7
            • Z1 - Tofalar
              • Z1a - Tubalar
                • Z1a1
                  • Z1a1a - Saami, Kets
                  • Z1a1b - Nganasan, Estonian
                • Z1a2 - Ulch
                  • Z1a2a - Nivkh
                • Z1a3 - Yakuts, Estonian
            • Z2 - Japanese
            • Z3 - Japanese
      • Z3a
        • Z3a1
          • Z3a1a - Han Chinese, Indian
        • Z3a2 - Indian
      • Z3b - Indian
        • Z3c - Persian(Iranian), Japanese
        • Z3d - Han Chinese, Taiwanese
            • Z4 - Han Chinese
              • Z4a - Japanese
                • Z4a1 - Han Chinese
                  • Z4a1a
                    • Z4a1a1 - Japanese
            • Z7 - Indian
          • Z5 - Japanese
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The American figure skater Kristi Yamaguchi is a member of haplogroup M8a.[4]

See also

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Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T


References

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  1. ^ a b c van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
  2. ^ "Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier plot of haplogroup D4 and M8. A: Kaplan-Meier..." ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
  3. ^ "Figure 2: Phylogenetic network of C, Z and M8 HVR1 sequences revealed..." ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
  4. ^ Gates Jr., Henry Louis (2010). Faces of America: How 12 Extraordinary People Discovered Their Pasts. New York University Press. p. 231.

Bibliography

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