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Liu Zhong

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Liu Xi
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLiǘ Xǐ
Wade–GilesLiu Hsi
Liu Zhong
(courtesy name)
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLiú Zhòng
Wade–GilesLiu Chung
Qingwang
(posthumous name)
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Literal meaningThe Brief King
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīngwáng
Wade–GilesCh‘ing Wang

Liu Xi (died 193 BC), better known by his courtesy name Liu Zhong,[1][2] was an elder brother of Emperor Gaozu, founder of China's Han dynasty. He served as marquess of Hexin, king or prince of Dai, and marquess of Heyang.

Life

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Liu Xi was the son of the man known to history as Liu Taigong. His elder brother, Liu Bo, (t , s , Liú Bó) died young, leaving Liu Xi the eldest male in the family of Liu Bang,[2] who became the first Han emperor of China and was posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu ("High Ancestor").

After Liu Bang's establishment of the Han, Liu Xi was created Marquess of Hexin.

In 201 BC, King Xin of Han—who had been removed by the emperor from his native land to rule over the northern border from Mayi—defected to the Xiongnu.[2] Liu Xi was named King or Prince of Dai in his place.[2] This territory spread over the three northern commanderies of Dai, Yanmen, and Yunzhong and formed the front line between the Han state and the nomads of the Eurasian steppe. Liu Xi fled to Luoyang[2] by himself[3] before a Xiongnu attack in the 12th month of the 7th year of Liu Bang's reign[3] (200 BC).[4]

Following this display of cowardice, Liu Xi was replaced in Dai and demoted to Marquess of Heyang (t 合陽, s 合阳, Héyáng),[3][5] a county southeast of present-day Heyang County.[3]

In 195 BC, Liu Xi's son Prince Pi was made Prince or King of Wu.

Liu Xi died in 193 BC and was subsequently honored under the posthumous name of the "Qing" or "Momentary King".[6][7]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Johnston (2017), p. 171.
  2. ^ a b c d e Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 72.
  3. ^ a b c d Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 75.
  4. ^ Olberding (2013), p. 87.
  5. ^ Sima Guang. "漢紀" [Han Annals]. Zizhi Tongjian (in Chinese). Vol. 11. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  6. ^ Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 151.

Sources

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Prince Qing of Dai
 Died: 193 BC
Chinese royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Chen Yu
Prince of Dai
201 BC – 200 BC
Succeeded by
Chinese nobility
Unknown Marquess of Hexin
202 BC – 201 BC
Unknown
Unknown Marquess of Heyang
200 BC – 193 BC
Unknown
Next known title holder:
Liang Xi