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Ganglion Cells

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In neurophysiology, a ganglion cell is a cell found in a ganglion [1] (a cluster of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.)

Ganglion cell
Various forms of nerve cells.
Details
LocationVaries by type
ShapeVaries
FunctionVaries but often excitatory projection
NeurotransmitterVaries but often glutamate
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Ganglion cells are the final output for sensory information. Ganglion cells receive and pass on chemical signals to the brain, where they can be processed and sorted. [2]

Structure

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The ganglion cell is composed of a cell body, dendrites, axon, nodes of Ranvier, and synapses[3].

The cell body is in the center of the ganglion cell and contains the expected organelles of a eukaryotic cell, including a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more. The mitochondria is the site of energy formation which allows it to continue work.

The dendrites receive new information, and then the axon terminals at the opposite end send the information on to the next neuron.

Ganglion cells at high magnification
Neuron

Examples of ganglion cells include:

Retina Ganglion Cells

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Retina ganglion cells are a type of neuron in the retina which transfer visual signals from the photoreceptors to the brain for processing[4]. Ganglion cells get the chemical signals via bipolar cells.

A lack of cells or loss of function would result in vision loss or complete blindness[5].

References

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  1. ^ MD, Dr Ananya Mandal (2010-08-15). "What is a Ganglion?". News-Medical. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  2. ^ "Ganglion". Physiopedia. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  3. ^ "Retinal Ganglion Cells". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  4. ^ "Photoreceptors". iovs.arvojournals.org. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
  5. ^ Miltner, Adam M.; La Torre, Anna (2019-01-17). "Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement: Current Status and Challenges Ahead". Developmental Dynamics. 248 (1): 118–128. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24672. ISSN 1058-8388. PMC 7141838. PMID 30242792.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)