User:BigCheese76/sandbox

2020 Russell County Commission Elections
All 7 Seats on the Russell County Commission; 4 seats needed for a majority
Chairman before election; Gentry Lee; Republican	Elected Chairman ; Chance Corbett; Republican

2022 Alaska Senate District D election
← 2020 2024 →
State Senator before election; Peter Micciche; Republican	Elected State Senator ; Jesse Bjorkman; Republican

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This page is a repository of local elections in Russell County, Alabama, and featured elections from around the state. This page will also feature maps I've developed in connection with the '22 and '24 elections from around the state, with a focus on primary elections.

2024 Alabama Municipal Elections

Huntsville

The City of Huntsville held municipal elections on Tuesday, August 27th, to elect a Mayor, two City Councillors, and two Members of the Huntsville City School Board.

Mayor

2024 Huntsville Mayoral Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Nonpartisan	Tommy Battle (incumbent)	Unopposed
Total votes			—	100.0

District 1

2024 Huntsville City Council District 1 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Nonpartisan	Michelle Watkins	1,967	49.5
	Nonpartisan	Devyn S. Keith (incumbent)	1,622	40.8
	Nonpartisan	Reggie McKenzie	384	9.7
Total votes			3,973	100.0

2024 Huntsville City Council District 1 Runoff
Party		Candidate
	Nonpartisan	Michelle Watkins
	Nonpartisan	Devyn S. Keith (incumbent)
Total votes

District 5

2024 Huntsville City Council District 5 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Nonpartisan	John Meredith (incumbent)	1,310	62.5
	Nonpartisan	Kim Caudle Lewis	785	37.5
Total votes			2,095	100.0

Scottsboro

2024 Russell County Elections

Referendum

Russell County Limited Self-Governance Referendum
Choice	Votes	%
Result not yet known
Total votes	—	100.00

County-wide Office

Incumbent Democratic Probate Judge Al Harden was last re-elected for a third term in 2018 with 67.7% of the vote. He is not running for re-election.

2024 Russell County Probate Judge Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Belinda Strickland
	Republican	Kristi Mott
	Write-in
Total votes

County Commission

District 1

The First District consists of northeastern Phenix City. Incumbent Republican Commissioner Gentry Lee, who was re-elected in 2020 unopposed, winning 98% of the vote, is running for re-election unopposed.

2024 Russell County Commission District 1 Election
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Gentry Lee (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

District 2

The Second District consists of Ladonia and part of western Phenix City. Incumbent Republican Commissioner Scott Chambers, who was elected in 2020 with 62.5% of the vote, is running for re-election unopposed.

2024 Russell County Commission District 2 Election
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Scott Chambers (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

District 3

The Third District is made up primarily of northwestern and western Phenix City, but includes portions of central Phenix City. The district also comprises areas of northwestern Russell County directly west of Phenix City, adjacent to the town of Smiths Station in Lee County. Incumbent Republican Commissioner Rod Costello, who was elected in 2020 with 52.7% of the vote, is running for re-election unopposed.

2024 Russell County Commission District 3 Election
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Rod Costello (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

District 4

The Fourth District is anchored to central and southern Phenix City, and includes a small outlying area directly south of the city. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Ronnie Reed was re-elected with 98.4% of the vote in 2020, facing no opposition. He is running for re-election unopposed.

2024 Russell County Commission District 4 Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Ronnie Reed (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

District 5

The Fifth District lies in eastern Russell County, consisting primarily of Fort Mitchell. The district also contains the entire Alabama portion of Fort Moore. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Cattie Epps, who was re-elected in 2020 with 70.3% of the vote, is not running for re-election. Three Democratic candidates and one Republican are running to replace her.

Democratic Primary

Campaign finance reports as of January 31, 2024
Candidate	Raised	Spent	Cash on hand
Cedric Darrell Darty (D)	$7,217.00^[a]	$4,295.22	$2,921.78
Jermaine Phillips (D)^[b]
Stacey Thomas (D)	$50	$0	$50
Source: Alabama Secretary of State^[1]

2024 Russell County Commission District 5 Democratic Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cedric Darrell Darty	382	54.7
	Democratic	Stacey Thomas	135	25.9
	Democratic	Jermaine Phillips	181	19.4
Total votes			698	100

General Election

2024 Russell County Commission District 5 Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Cedric Darrell Darty
	Republican	Robert D. "Bob" Franklin
	Write-in
Total votes

District 6

The Sixth District is situated mostly in northwestern Russell County, comprising the communities of Crawford, Salem, and Dixie. Additionally, the district contains small portions of Ladonia and Phenix City. Incumbent Republican Commissioner Chance Corbett, who is running for re-election, was first elected as a Democrat in 2012 before switching parties and winning re-election twice, most recently in 2020 with 62.1% of the vote. He faces no opposition.

2024 Russell County Commission District 6 Election
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Chance Corbett (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

District 7

The Seventh District is by far the largest district, comprising the majority of Russell County by land area. The district is made up of the predominantly rural central, western, and southern portions of Russell County, including the town of Hurtsboro and the communities of Pittsview, Seale, Cottonton, and Hatchechubbee. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Larry D. Screws, who was re-elected in 2020 with 59.2% of the vote, is running for re-election. Two Republicans are running for the seat.

Republican Primary

2024 Russell County Commission District 7 Republican Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Brent Comer	380	72.7
	Republican	Robert Eugene Booker	143	27.3
Total votes			523	100

General Election

2024 Russell County Commission District 7 Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Larry D. Screws (incumbent)
	Republican	Brent Comer
	Write-in
Total votes

Russell County Board of Education

District 3

The Third District is situated in northwestern Russell County and includes the communities of Dixie, Crawford, Salem, and most of Hatchechubbee. Incumbent Board Member Tommy J. Pugh was elected in 2018 as a write-in candidate, receiving an unknown percentage of the vote. Pugh, a former Republican, has qualified to run for re-election as an Independent. Republican Meghan Catrett is running for the seat.

2024 Russell County Board of Education District 3 Election
Party		Candidate
	Independent	Tommy J. Pugh (incumbent)
	Republican	Meghan Catrett
	Write-in
Total votes

District 6

The Sixth District is located in eastern unincorporated Russell County, consisting primarily of Fort Mitchell. Incumbent Democratic Board Member Joseph Williams, who was re-elected in 2018 with 98.4% of the vote, is running for re-election. Republican Sarah Beaman is running for the seat.

2024 Russell County Board of Education District 6 Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Joseph Williams (incumbent)
	Republican	Sarah Beaman
	Write-in
Total votes

2023 Alabama Legislative Special Elections

House District 55

2023 Alabama House District 55 Special Democratic Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Travis Hendrix	670	27.9
	Democratic	Sylvia Swayne	515	21.4
	Democratic	Phyllis E. Oden-Jones	485	20.2
	Democratic	Cara McClure	364	15.2
	Democratic	Ves Marable	180	7.5
	Democratic	Kenneth Coachman	106	4.4
	Democratic	Antwon Bernard Womack	81	3.4
Total votes			2,401	100

2023 Alabama House District 55 Special Democratic Primary Runoff
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Travis Hendrix
	Democratic	Sylvia Swayne
Total votes

House District 16

2023 Alabama House District 16 Special Republican Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Brad Cox	1,216	32.96
	Republican	Bryan Brinyark	1,201	32.56
	Republican	Mike Simpson	682	18.49
	Republican	Floyd "JR" Rodgers, Jr.	320	8.67
	Republican	Greg Fanin	218	5.91
	Republican	Greg Lowery	52	1.41
Total votes			3,689	100

2023 Alabama House District 16 Special Republican Primary Runoff
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Bryan Brinyark
	Republican	Brad Cox
Total votes

2023 Alabama House District 16 Special Election
Party		Candidate
	Republican	Bryan Brinyark
	Democratic	John H. "Big John" Underwood
	Write-in
Total votes

Key Alabama Legislative Races

Close Races

Races in which the margin of victory is less than 15%.

Senate

House of Representatives

Incumbent Retiring

Senate

2022 Alabama Senate District 11 Republican Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Lance Bell	12,586	73.0
	Republican	Michael J. Wright	4,663	27.0
Total votes			17,249	100

2022 Alabama Senate District 11 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Lance Bell	33,505	98.4
	Write-in		543	1.6
Total votes			34,048	100
	Republican hold

House of Representatives

Incumbent Lost Renomination

Senate

Alabama Senate District 27 Republican Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jay Hovey	8,373	50.003
	Republican	Tom Whatley (incumbent)	8,372	49.997
Total votes			16,745	100.0

Alabama Senate District 27 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jay Hovey	26,014	70.1
	Democratic	Sherri Reese	10,996	26.6
	Write-in		63	0.2
Total votes			37,073	100

House of Representatives

Incumbent Defeated in General Election

Senate

No incumbents were defeated in the general election.

House of Representatives

2022 Russell County Local Elections

State Legislative

Senate

Alabama Senate District 27 Republican Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jay Hovey	8,373	50.003
	Republican	Tom Whatley (incumbent)	8,372	49.997
Total votes			16,745	100.0

Alabama Senate District 27 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jay Hovey	26,014	70.1
	Democratic	Sherri Reese	10,996	26.6
	Write-in		63	0.2
Total votes			37,073	100

Alabama Senate District 28 Democratic Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William "Billy" Beasley (incumbent)	6,752	61.3
	Democratic	Frank "Chris" Lee	4,264	38.7
Total votes			11,016	100.0

Alabama Senate District 28 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William "Billy" Beasley (incumbent)	21,252	80.7
	Libertarian	David Boatwright	4,837	18.4
	Write-in		240	0.9
Total votes			26,329	100

House

Alabama House of Representatives District 80 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Chris Blackshear (incumbent)	8,113	97.6
	Write-in		202	2.4
Total votes			8,315	100

Alabama House of Representatives District 83 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jeremy Gray (incumbent)	6,540	95.7
	Write-in		291	4.3
Total votes			6,831	100

Alabama House of Representatives District 84 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Berry Forte (incumbent)	7,463	96.4
	Write-in		277	3.6
Total votes			7,740	100

Judicial

2022 Alabama's 26th Circuit Judicial Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Zachary "Zack" T. Collins Sr.	6,839	94.3
	Write-in		412	5.7
Total votes			7,251	100.0

2022 Russell County District Court Election, Place 1
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jamie Graham	6,665	57.9
	Republican	Richard "Eric" Cross Jr.	4,843	42.0
	Write-in		9	0.1
Total votes			11,517	100.0

2022 Russell County District Court Election, Place 2
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Walter L. Gray III (incumbent)	7,121	95.6
	Write-in		326	4.4
Total votes			7,447	100.0

Executive

2022 Russell County District Attorney Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Richard "Rick" Chancey	7,149	95.1
	Write-in		369	4.9
Total votes			7,518	100

2022 Russell County Sheriff Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Heath D. Taylor (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

2022 Russell County Coroner Election
Party		Candidate
	Democratic	Arthur L. Sumbry Jr. (incumbent)
	Write-in
Total votes

County School Board

2022 Russell County Board of Education District 2 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John Keith Mitchell (incumbent)	754	97.3
	Write-in		21	1.7
Total votes			775	100.0

2022 Russell County Board of Education District 4 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kenneth Barnes (incumbent)	818	59.1
	Republican	Bonnie Armstrong	567	40.9
Total votes			1,385	100.0

2022 Russell County Board of Education District 5 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Chelsea Smith	544	51.0
	Democratic	Eugenia Upshaw (incumbent)	522	49.0
Total votes			1,066	100.0
	Republican gain from Democratic

2020 Russell County Commission Elections

2020 Russell County Commission District 1 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Gentry Lee (incumbent)	2,146	98.0
	Write-in		44	2.0
Total votes			2,190	100.0
	Republican hold

2020 Russell County Commission District 2 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Scott Chambers	1,537	62.5
	Democratic	Tillman Pugh	920	37.4
	Write-in		2	0.1
Total votes			2,459	100.0
	Republican hold

2020 Russell County Commission District 3 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Rod Costello	1,537	52.7
	Democratic	Jesse "J.W" Brannen	1,374	47.2
	Write-in		4	0.1
Total votes			2,915	100.0
	Republican hold

2020 Russell County Commission District 4 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ronnie Reed (incumbent)	1,318	98.4
	Write-in		22	1.6
Total votes			1,340	100.0
	Democratic hold

2020 Russell County Commission District 5 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cattie Epps (incumbent)	2,985	70.3
	Republican	Meg Peters	1,257	29.6
	Write-in		6	0.1
Total votes			4,248	100.0
	Democratic hold

2020 Russell County Commission District 6 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Chance Corbett (incumbent)	2,062	62.1
	Democratic	Bernard McKissic	1,256	37.9
Total votes			3,318	100.0
	Republican hold

2020 Russell County Commission District 7 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Larry D. Screws (incumbent)	2,232	59.2
	Republican	Gary Head	1,536	40.7
	Write-in		3	0.1
Total votes			3,771	100.0
	Democratic hold

^ $4120 of this total was self-funded by Darty.
^ Phillips has yet to file any campaign finance reports
^ Elected as Commission Chair in party-line vote
^ Lost election for Commission Chair in party-line vote

Other Russell County 2020 Elections

2020 Alabama's 26th Circuit Judicial Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Albert D. Johnson (incumbent)	13,486	96.5
	Write-in		488	3.5
Total votes			13,974	100.0
	Democratic hold

2020 Russell County Revenue Commissioner election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Naomi Elliot (incumbent)	10,839	51.3
	Democratic	Marcia Cade	10,286	48.6
	Write-in		13	0.1
Total votes			21,138	100.0
	Republican hold

2020 Russell County Board of Education District At-Large election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Tim Simpson	6,036	54.8
	Democratic	Velor R. Tolliver	4,957	45.0
	Write-in		15	0.2
Total votes			11,008	100.0
	Republican hold

2020 Russell County Board of Education District 1 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Dewilda "Dillie" Elliott (incumbent)	1,245	98.6
	Write-in		17	1.4
Total votes			1,262	100.0
	Republican hold

2018 Russell County Elections

State Legislative

County Office

2018 Russell County Circuit Clerk Democratic Primary Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jody Sellers (acting incumbent)	2,365	55.8
	Democratic	Marcia Cade	1,876	44.2
Total votes			4,241	100.0

2018 Russell County Circuit Clerk Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jody Sellers (acting incumbent)	9,992	96.6
	Write-in		357	3.4
Total votes			10,349	100.0
	Democratic hold

2018 Russell County Probate Judge Democratic Primary Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Alford M. Harden Jr. (incumbent)	2,505	54.4
	Democratic	Jasponica Florence	1,844	40.0
	Democratic	Kelvin B. "Kelbo" Smith	257	5.6
Total votes			4,606	100.0

2018 Russell County Probate Judge Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Alford M. Harden Jr. (incumbent)	10,158	67.7
	Republican	Pamela Williams	4,838	32.2
	Write-in		12	0.1
Total votes			15,008	100.0
	Democratic hold

2018 Russell County Sheriff Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Heath Taylor (incumbent)	11,100	97.5
	Write-in		290	2.5
Total votes			11,390	100.0
	Democratic hold

2018 Russell County Coroner Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Arthur L. Sumbry Jr. (incumbent)	7,973	53.1
	Republican	Roger Newman	7,036	46.8
	Write-in		9	0.1
Total votes			15,018	100.0
	Democratic hold

2018 Russell County Board of Education District 6 election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Joseph Williams (incumbent)	1,378	98.4
	Write-in		23	1.6
Total votes			1,401	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County Commission Elections

2016 Russell County Commission District 1 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Gentry Lee (incumbent)	1,947	72.5
	Democratic	LaToya Payne	735	27.4
	Write-in		4	0.1
Total votes			2,686	100
	Republican hold

2016 Russell County Commission District 2 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Carl Currington	1,236	54.7
	Democratic	Tillman Pugh (incumbent)	1,018	45.0
	Write-in		6	0.3
Total votes			2,260	100.0
	Republican gain from Democratic

2016 Russell County Commission District 3 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Peggy Martin (incumbent)	1,713	95.1
	Write-in		88	4.9
Total votes			1,801	100.0
	Republican hold

2016 Russell County Commission District 4 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ronnie Reed (incumbent)	1,335	97.7
	Write-in		32	2.3
Total votes			1,367	100.0
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County Commission District 5 Democratic Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Cattie Epps (incumbent)	930	66.2
	Democratic	Jeff Faircloth	266	18.9
	Democratic	Charles E. Hollowell	211	14.9
Total votes			1,407	100.0

2016 Russell County Elections, Excluding Commission

2016 Alabama House District 83 Special Republican Primary
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Chris E. Blackshear	1,653	63.9
	Republican	James McGill	764	29.5
	Republican	Tommy J. Pugh	171	6.6
Total votes			2,588	100

2016 Alabama's 26th Circuit Judicial Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Michael J. Bellamy (incumbent)	12,896	97.3
	Write-in		363	2.7
Total votes			13,232	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County District Attorney Democratic Primary Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kenneth Davis (incumbent)	3,399	56.5
	Democratic	Jamie Graham	2,613	43.5
Total votes			6,012	100

2016 Russell County District Attorney Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kenneth Davis (incumbent)	13,112	96.8
	Write-in		438	3.2
Total votes			13,550	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County District Court Democratic Primary Election, Place 1
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Zachary "Zack" T. Collins Sr.	3,889	65.0
	Democratic	Sidney G. Landreau (incumbent)	2,096	35.0
Total votes			5,985	100

2016 Russell County District Court Election, Place 1
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Zachary "Zack" T. Collins Sr.	12,418	97.0
	Write-in		387	3.0
Total votes			12,805	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County District Court Democratic Primary Election, Place 2
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Walter L. Gray III (incumbent)	3,402	61.7
	Democratic	April Logan-Russell	2,110	38.3
Total votes			5,512	100

2016 Russell County District Court Election, Place 2
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Walter L. Gray III (incumbent)	12,601	97.2
	Write-in		365	2.8
Total votes			12,966	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County School Board District 2 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Keith Mitchell (incumbent)	537	94.0
	Write-in		35	6.0
Total votes			572	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County School Board District 4 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kenneth Barnes (incumbent)	1,014	98.5
	Write-in		15	1.5
Total votes			1,029	100
	Democratic hold

2016 Russell County School Board District 5 Election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Eugenia Upshaw (incumbent)	1,128	95.1
	Write-in		58	4.9
Total votes			1,186	100
	Democratic hold

Miscellaneous

Jerry Carl

State legislators

Greg Albritton, state senator from the 22nd district (Atmore, 2014–present) and candidate for the 2nd district^[2]
Chris Elliott, state senator from the 32nd district (Josephine, 2018–present)^[2]
David Sessions, state senator from the 35th district (Grand Bay, 2018–present)^[2]
Jack Williams, state senator from the 34th district (Mobile, 2018–present)^[2]
Chris Pringle, Speaker pro tempore of the Alabama House of Representatives (2023–present) and state representative from the 101st district (Mobile, 1994–2002, 2014–present)^[2]
Alan Baker, state representative from the 66th district (Brewton, 2006–present)^[2]
Chip Brown, state representative from the 105th district (Mobile, 2018–present)^[2]
Jennifer Fidler, state representative from the 94th district (Silverhill, 2022–present) ^[2]
Donna Givens, state representative from the 64th district (Loxley, 2022–present)^[2]
Matthew Hammett, state representative from the 92nd district (Dozier, 2022–present)^[2]
Frances Holk-Jones, state representative from the 95th district (Foley, 2022–present)^[2]
Mark Shirey, state representative from the 100th district (Mobile, 2022–present)^[2]
Matt Simpson, state representative from the 96th district (Daphne, 2018–present)"^[2]
Shane Stringer, state representative from the 102nd district (Citronelle, 2018–present)^[2]
Margie Wilcox, state representative from the 104th district (Mobile, 2014–present)^[2]

^ "Alabama Electronic Fair Campaign Practices Act (FCPA) Reporting System". fcpa.alabamavotes.gov. Alabama Secretary of State. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Monger, Craig (October 9, 2023). "U.S. Rep. Carl endorsed by 15 state lawmakers in reelection bid". 1819 News. Retrieved October 9, 2023.

[1] $4120 of this total was self-funded by Darty.

[2] Phillips has yet to file any campaign finance reports

[4] Elected as Commission Chair in party-line vote

[5] Lost election for Commission Chair in party-line vote

[AL_SOS-3] "Alabama Electronic Fair Campaign Practices Act (FCPA) Reporting System". fcpa.alabamavotes.gov. Alabama Secretary of State. Retrieved February 8, 2024.

[carl15-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Monger, Craig (October 9, 2023). "U.S. Rep. Carl endorsed by 15 state lawmakers in reelection bid". 1819 News. Retrieved October 9, 2023.

[a]

[b]

[1]

[c]

[d]

[2]