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Family Phalacrocoracidae - Cormorants, Shags [1]

Until recently, the genera of cormorants and the distinctions between "shags" and "cormorants" have remained mostly unresolved due to conflicts among studies and missing taxa (Siegel-Causey 1988; Kennedy et al. 2000; Christidis & Boles 2008). We follow the comprehensive phylogenetic studies of Kennedy & Spencer (2014) and Kennedy et al. (2019) in resequencing this family. Generic revisions were accepted for the North American species by NACC (Chesser et al. 2021) but narrowly declined by SACC (Proposal 648).

Phalacrocoracidae   genera: 7
Phalacrocoracidae   species: 42
Phalacrocoracidae   subspecies: 28

Phalacrocoracidae   Breeding Range: MA, AF, SO, IO, PAL, NA, OR, AU, PO, SA [2]

Phalacrocoracidae

[edit]
Common name Species + authority Br.
range
au yr id
Pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus (Pallas, 1773) PAL Pall 1773 1
Reed cormorant Microcarbo africanus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AF Gmel 1789 2
Crowned cormorant Microcarbo coronatus (Wahlberg, 1855) AF Wahl 1855 3
Little cormorant Microcarbo niger (Vieillot, 1817) OR Viei 1817 4
Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos (Vieillot, 1817) AU Viei 1817 5
Red-legged cormorant Poikilocarbo gaimardi (Garnot, 1828) SA Garn 1828 6
Brandt's cormorant Urile penicillatus (Brandt, JF, 1837) MA NA Bran 1837 7
Red-faced cormorant Urile urile (Gmelin, JF, 1789) PO Gmel 1789 8
Pelagic cormorant Urile pelagicus (Pallas, 1811) PO Pall 1811 9
Spectacled cormorant Urile perspicillatus (Pallas, 1811) NA PAL Pall 1811 10
Bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus (Wahlberg, 1855) AF Wahl 1855 11
Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, HO, 1899 AF PAL Ogil 1899 12
Pitt shag Phalacrocorax featherstoni Buller, 1873 AU Bull 1873 13
Spotted shag Phalacrocorax punctatus (Sparrman, 1786) AU Spar 1786 14
Black-faced cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscescens (Vieillot, 1817) AU Viei 1817 15
Australian pied cormorant Phalacrocorax varius (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AU Gmel 1789 16
Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris (Brandt, JF, 1837) AU OR Bran 1837 17
Indian cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens, 1826 OR Step 1826 18
Cape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis (Sparrman, 1788) AF Spar 1788 19
Japanese cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) PAL Temm 1850 20
White-breasted cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) AF Lich 1823 21
Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) AU NA AF OR PAL Linn 1758 22
European shag Gulosus aristotelis (Linnaeus, 1761) AF PAL Linn 1761 23
Flightless cormorant Nannopterum harrisi (Rothschild, 1898) SA Roth 1898 24
Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum brasilianum (Gmelin, JF, 1789) MA NA SA Gmel 1789 25
Double-crested cormorant Nannopterum auritum (Lesson, RP, 1831) MA NA Less 1831 26
Rock shag Leucocarbo magellanicus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) SA Gmel 1789 27
Guanay cormorant Leucocarbo bougainvillii (Lesson, RP, 1837) SA Less 1837 28
Bounty shag Leucocarbo ranfurlyi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1901) AU Ogil 1901 29
New Zealand king shag Leucocarbo carunculatus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) AU Gmel 1789 30
Chatham shag Leucocarbo onslowi (Forbes, HO, 1893) AU Forb 1893 31
Otago shag Leucocarbo chalconotus (Gray, GR, 1845) AU Gray 1845 32
Foveaux shag Leucocarbo stewarti (Ogilvie-Grant, 1898) AU Ogil 1898 33
Auckland shag Leucocarbo colensoi (Buller, 1888) AU Bull 1888 34
Campbell shag Leucocarbo campbelli (Filhol, 1878) AU Filh 1878 35
Imperial shag Leucocarbo atriceps (King, PP, 1828) SA King 1828 36
South Georgia shag Leucocarbo georgianus (Lönnberg, 1906) SO Lönn 1906 37
Crozet shag Leucocarbo melanogenis (Blyth, 1860) SO Blyt 1860 38
Antarctic shag Leucocarbo bransfieldensis (Murphy, 1936) SO Murp 1936 39
Kerguelen shag Leucocarbo verrucosus (Cabanis, 1875) IO Caba 1875 40
Heard Island shag Leucocarbo nivalis (Falla, 1937) SO Fall 1937 41
Macquarie shag Leucocarbo purpurascens (Brandt, JF, 1837) SO Bran 1837 42


Phalacrocoracidae genera

[edit]
Genus + authority spp Br.
range
au yr id Comment
Microcarbo Bonaparte, 1856 5 OR AU AF PAL Bona 1856 1 Microcarbo cormorants are split from Phalacrocorax (Siegel-Causey 1988; Kennedy et al. 2000; Christidis & Boles 2008).
Poikilocarbo Boetticher, 1935 1 SA Boet 1935 2 Resurrection of Poikilocarbo as a monotypic genus was suggested for the highly divergent P. gaimardi (Kennedy & Spencer 2014).
Urile Bonaparte, 1856 4 NA PO PAL MA Bona 1856 3 Resurrect Urile for the well-supported clade of North Pacific cormorants (Kennedy & Spencer 2014; Chesser et al. 2021).
Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 12 OR AU NA AF PAL Bris 1760 4
Gulosus Montagu, 1813 1 AF PAL Mont 1813 5 Resurrection of the monotypic genus Gulosus was proposed for the genetically highly divergent European Shag (Kennedy & Spencer 2014).
Nannopterum Sharpe, 1899 3 NA MA SA Shar 1899 6 Resurrection of Nannopterum was proposed for three New World species formerly assigned to Phalacrocorax, but which are in a different clade from Phalacrocorax s.s. and are more closely related to Leucocarbo (Kennedy & Spencer 2014, Chesser et al. 2021). Note change in gender from masculine to neuter.
Leucocarbo Bonaparte, 1856 16 AU SO IO SA Bona 1856 7 Genus Leucocarbo includes at least 10 core species (Kennedy et al. 2000; Christidis & Boles 2008).


References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.2). https://www.worldbirdnames.org
  2. ^ IOC Ranges