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User talk:Davidbena/sandbox/Comparative Chronologies

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5 Comparative Chronologies
Persian ruler Herodotus Manetho Josephus[1] Ptolemy's Canon Abravanel[2]
Cyrus the Great 29 years[3] --- --- 9 years (additional years)[4] 30 years
Cambyses (Artaxerxes) b. Cyrus 7 years and 5 months[5] 5 years (over his own kingdom in Persia), 6 years (over Egypt) 6 years[6] 8 years 7 years
The Magi 7 months[7] --- 1 year[8] --- 7 months (named as Hysmodru)
Darius, the son of Hystaspes 36 years[9] 36 years [Although Josephus doesn't mention the number of years of his reign, he is mentioned in Ezra as building the Second Temple][10] 36 years 36 year years
Xerxes (Artaxerxes), the Great, b. Darius --- 21 years [Ezra ascends to the Land of Israel, in 7th year of his reign][11] 21 years 20 years
Artabanus --- 7 months --- --- 7 months
Artaxerxes (Cyrus) b. Xerxes the Great --- 41 years --- [Nehemiah contemporary with this king][12] [Josephus mentions in Contra Apionem 1:8 that the canon of the law and prophets was closed after the reign of this Persian king] 41 years 40 years
Xerxes --- 2 months --- Makrocheir (reign not mentioned) 2 months
Sogdianus --- 7 months --- (name and reign not mentioned) 6 months
Darius, the son of Xerxes --- 19 years --- 19 years 29 years
Artaxerxes II Mnemon --- --- --- 46 years 14 years, while others say 40 years
Artaxerxes III Ochus --- --- --- 21 years 26 years
Artaxerxes IV Arses --- --- --- 2 years 4 years
Darius III Codomannus --- --- --- 4 years[13] 6 years[14]

Davidbena (talk) 04:18, 23 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ Josephus mentions the Persian kings who ruled over Israel in the eleventh book of his Antiquities. Even so, he does not name them all, nor does he cite regnal years for all those that he does name.
  2. ^ Isaac Abravanel, Ma'ayanei ha-Yeshu'ah, Amsterdam 1647, p. 46a
  3. ^ Herodotus (1975). G.P. Goold (ed.). Herodotus: The Persian Wars. Vol. 1 (Books I–II). Translated by A.D. Godley. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann Ltd. p. 269 s. 213–215 (Book I). ISBN 0-674-99130-3. (ISBN 0-434-99117-1 - British)
  4. ^ The nine years only reflect the number of regnal years remaining after Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon in 539 BCE. Cyrus is thought to have died in 530 BCE. See "The Babylonian Chronicle" by David Noel Freedman, in The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Sep., 1956), pp. 49-60 (JSTOR 3209218)
  5. ^ Herodotus (1921). G.P. Goold (ed.). Herodotus: The Persian Wars. Vol. 2 (Books III–IV). Translated by A.D. Godley. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann Ltd. p. 87 s. 65–68 (Book III). ISBN 0-674-99131-1. (ISBN 0 434 99118 X - British)
  6. ^ Josephus, Antiquities 11.2.2.
  7. ^ Herodotus (1921). G.P. Goold (ed.). Herodotus: The Persian Wars. Vol. 2 (Books III–IV). Translated by A.D. Godley. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann Ltd. p. 87 s. 65–68 (Book III). ISBN 0-674-99131-1. (ISBN 0 434 99118 X - British)
  8. ^ Josephus, Antiquities 11.3.1.
  9. ^ Herodotus (1971). E.H. Warmington (ed.). Herodotus: The Persian Wars. Vol. 3 (Books V–VII). Translated by A.D. Godley. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann Ltd. p. 305 (Book VII). ISBN 0-674-99133-8. (ISBN 0-434-99119-8 - British)
  10. ^ Josephus, Antiquities 11.4.7-9.
  11. ^ Josephus, Antiquities 11.5.1-5.
  12. ^ Josephus, Antiquities 11.5.6-8.
  13. ^ According to Parker's and Dubberstein's Babylonian Chronology, p. 36, the 6th-year of Alexander the Great's reign over Macedonia, which fell-out in 331 BCE, was the 5th-year of Darius III. During the same year, the Macedonians put an end to Persian hegemony over Israel.
  14. ^ According to Parker's and Dubberstein's Babylonian Chronology, p. 36, the 6th-year of Alexander the Great's reign over Macedonia, which fell-out in 331 BCE, was the 5th-year of Darius III. During the same year, the Macedonians put an end to Persian hegemony over Israel. See note in Mitchell First, Jewish History in Conflict, p. 94, s.v. "It is also worth mentioning," where he cites Steinsaltz as saying that the Persian period spanned from 539 to 332 BCE.
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