Portal:Mexico

The Temple of Warriors at Chichen Itza, Mexico ¡Bienvenido! Welcome to the Mexico portal Mexico Flag Coat of arms Location Southern portion of North America Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. Covering 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), it is the world's 13th largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th most populous country and has the most Spanish speakers in the world. Mexico is a constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital and largest city, which is among the world's most populous metropolitan areas. The country shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico dates back to 8,000 BC as one of six cradles of civilization. Mesoamerica hosted civilizations including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. Aztec domination of the area preceded Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, which established the colony of New Spain centered in the former capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). The colonial era ended in the early 19th century with the Mexican War of Independence, followed by political and socioeconomic upheaval. The Mexican–American War resulted in significant territorial losses in 1848. Liberal reforms introduced in the Constitution of 1857 prompted domestic conflict, French intervention, and the establishment of an Empire, countered by the Republican resistance led by Benito Juárez. The rise of Porfirio Díaz's dictatorship in the 19th century sparked the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which led to profound changes, such as the 1917 Constitution. Over the 20th century, Mexico experienced significant economic growth; as well as issues of repression and electoral fraud. The late 20th century saw a shift towards neoliberal policies, exemplified by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, amidst unrest in Chiapas. (Full article...) Featured article - This is a Featured article, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia. Romance is the eighth studio album by Mexican singer Luis Miguel. It was released by WEA Latina on 19 November 1991. Although the production was originally intended as another collaboration with Juan Carlos Calderón, that plan was scrapped when Calderón was unable to compose songs for the album. Facing a new-material deadline in his recording contract, at his manager's suggestion Miguel chose bolero music for his next project. Mexican singer-songwriter Armando Manzanero was hired by WEA Latina to co-produce the album with Miguel. Recording began in August 1991 at Ocean Way Recording in Hollywood, California, with Bebu Silvetti the arranger. On the album Miguel covers twelve boleros, originally recorded from 1944 to 1986. The first two singles, "Inolvidable" and "No Sé Tú", reached number one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States and spent six months atop the Mexican charts. "Mucho Corazón" and "Cómo" were in the top five of the Hot Latin Songs chart, and "Usted" and "La Barca" received airplay throughout Latin America. Miguel promoted the record with a tour of the United States and Latin America. The album was generally well received by music critics, who praised Miguel's singing and the record's production. The singer received several accolades, including a Grammy nomination for Best Latin Pop Album. (Full article...) List of Featured articles Olmec colossal heads Texas Revolution Hurricane Kenna Mayan languages Battle of the Alamo Chicxulub crater Nahuatl Grass Fight Segundo Romance Convention of 1833 Battle of Agua Dulce Aries (album) Municipalities of Baja California Maya stelae Pinguicula moranensis Fredonian Rebellion Hurricane Lane (2006) CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship Convention of 1832 Battle of Lipantitlán Amarte Es un Placer (album) Battle of San Patricio Selected article - Clockwise from top left: Miguel Hidalgo, José María Morelos, Trigarante Army in Mexico City, Mural of independence by O'Gorman, Embrace of Acatempan between Iturbide and Guerrero The Mexican War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de México, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from the Spanish Empire. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and regional struggles that occurred within the same period, and can be considered a revolutionary civil war. It culminated with the drafting of the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire in Mexico City on September 28, 1821, following the collapse of royal government and the military triumph of forces for independence. Mexican independence from Spain was not an inevitable outcome of the relationship between the Spanish Empire and its most valuable overseas possession, but events in Spain had a direct impact on the outbreak of the armed insurgency in 1810 and the course of warfare through the end of the conflict. Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain in 1808 touched off a crisis of legitimacy of crown rule, since he had placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne after forcing the abdication of the Spanish monarch Charles IV. In Spain and many of its overseas possessions, the local response was to set up juntas, ruling in the name of the Bourbon monarchy. Delegates in Spain and overseas territories met in Cádiz—a small corner of the Iberian Peninsula still under Spanish control—as the Cortes of Cádiz, and drafted the Spanish Constitution of 1812. That constitution sought to create a new governing framework in the absence of the legitimate Spanish monarch. It tried to accommodate the aspirations of American-born Spaniards (criollos) for more local control and equal standing with Peninsular-born Spaniards, known locally as peninsulares. This political process had far-reaching impacts in New Spain during the independence war and beyond. Pre-existing cultural, religious, and racial divides in Mexico played a major role in not only the development of the independence movement but also the development of the conflict as it progressed. (Full article...) List of selected articles Mexico City Chichen Itza Day of the Dead Mexican Drug War Palenque 1985 Mexico City earthquake Cabo San Lucas Economy of Mexico Cancún Revillagigedo Islands Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl Historic center of Mexico City Tijuana LGBT rights in Mexico Guadalajara Mexican Revolution History of the Catholic Church in Mexico Bajío Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico Tourism in Mexico Puebla (city) Avocado production in Mexico Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda TV Azteca Laredo–Nuevo Laredo North American Free Trade Agreement Tequila Ciudad Juárez Mexican muralism Popular fixed markets in Mexico Oaxaca Mexico national football team Mexican–American War Monterrey Dirty War (Mexico) COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico Ciudad Juárez cobalt-60 contamination incident National Autonomous University of Mexico Matamoros, Tamaulipas 1970 FIFA World Cup Selected picture Huitzila, Hidalgo image credit: Diego Delso Good article - This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards. Nazario Moreno González (8 March 1970 – 9 March 2014), commonly referred to by his aliases El Chayo ('Nazario' or 'The Rosary') and El Más Loco ('The Craziest One'), was a Mexican drug lord who headed La Familia Michoacana before heading the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel headquartered in the state of Michoacán. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords. Very few details are known of Moreno González's early life, but the authorities believe that religion played a major role in his upbringing. Although born in Michoacán, Moreno González moved to the United States as a teenager, but fled back into Mexico about a decade later to avoid prosecution on drug trafficking charges. In 2004, the drug boss Carlos Rosales Mendoza was captured, and Moreno González, alongside José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, took control of La Familia Michoacana. Unlike other traditional drug trafficking organizations in Mexico, his organization also operated like a religious cult, where its own members were given "bibles" with sayings and conduct guidelines. Moreno González reportedly carried out several philanthropic deeds to help the marginalized in Michoacán. Such deeds helped him craft an image of protector, saint, and Christ-like messianic figure among the poor, and gave La Familia Michoacana a level of influence among some natives. (Full article...) List of Good articles Grolier Codex Gadsden Purchase Hasta la Raíz Sésamo Máscara Dorada Unomásuno Lola Álvarez Bravo Todos Los Romances Toniná Torreón massacre Hells Bells (cave formations) El Ejemplo 2018 Mexico City ePrix Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral Así Fue Mexican National Women's Championship Mexican National Trios Championship Mis Romances Mis Boleros Favoritos Hotelito Desconocido Jerry Estrada María Santos Gorrostieta Salazar Mario Ramírez Treviño Ángel de Oro Villano III Cactus wren Último Guerrero Antonio Cárdenas Guillén Aztecazo 1959 Mexico hurricane 1 May 2015 Jalisco attacks Selected biography - Juárez, 1872 Benito Pablo Juárez García (Spanish: [beˈnito ˈpaβlo ˈxwaɾes ɣaɾˈsi.a] ; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican politician, military commander, and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. Of Zapotec ancestry, he was the first indigenous president of Mexico and the first democratically elected indigenous president in the postcolonial Americas. A member of the Liberal Party, he previously held a number of offices, including the governorship of Oaxaca and the presidency of the Supreme Court. During his presidency he led the Liberals to victory in the Reform War and in the Second French intervention in Mexico. Born in Oaxaca to a poor, rural, Indigenous family and orphaned as a child, Juárez passed under the care of his uncle, eventually moving to Oaxaca City at the age of 12, where he found work as a domestic servant. Sponsored by his employer who was also a lay Franciscan, Juárez temporarily enrolled in a seminary and studied to become a priest, but he later switched his studies to law at the Institute of Sciences and Arts, where he became active in Liberal politics. He began to practice law and was eventually appointed as a judge, after which he married Margarita Maza, a woman from a socially distinguished family in Oaxaca City. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Vicente Fox Frida Kahlo Porfirio Díaz Juan Diego Emiliano Zapata Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Cantinflas Pancho Villa Antonio López de Santa Anna Chespirito Agustín de Iturbide Maximilian I of Mexico Carlos Slim Diego Rivera Francisco I. Madero Juana Inés de la Cruz Carlos Salinas de Gortari Miguel de la Madrid In the news 2 October 2024 – The Mexican Armed Forces announces its soldiers opened fire on a truck after "hearing detonations" while pursuing it near Huixtla, Chiapas, Mexico. The vehicle was carrying migrants, six out of thirty-one of whom are killed. (Al Jazeera) (AP) 1 October 2024 – 2024 Mexican general election Claudia Sheinbaum is inaugurated as the 66th president of Mexico, becoming the first female Mexican president. (USA Today) 27 September 2024 – 2024 Pacific hurricane season Tropical Storm John brings over 950 mm (37 inches) of rainfall to southern Guerrero, Mexico, twice eclipsing the amount of rainfall dropped by Hurricane Otis on the same area in 2023. (Reuters) 24 September 2024 – 2024 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm Helene forms in the Gulf of Mexico and is expected to become a major hurricane before making landfall on the U.S. Gulf Coast on September 26. (National Hurricane Center) 24 September 2024 – 2024 Pacific hurricane season Three people are killed in flooding caused by remnants of Hurricane John in Mexico. (Reuters) 23 September 2024 – 2024 Pacific hurricane season Hurricane John makes landfall near Marquelia, Guerrero, Mexico, as a Category 3 hurricane. (AP) (NHC) Selected fare or cuisine - A sugar skull, a common gift for children and decoration for the Day of the Dead. A calavera (Spanish – pronounced [kalaˈβeɾa] for "skull"), in the context of the Day of the Dead, is a representation of a human skull or skeleton. The term is often applied to edible or decorative skulls made (usually with molds) from either sugar (called Alfeñiques) or clay, used in the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead(Spanish: Día de Muertos) and the Roman Catholic holiday All Souls' Day. Calavera can also refer to any artistic representations of skulls or skeletons, such as those in the prints of José Guadalupe Posada, or to gifts or treats in relation to the Day of the Dead. Some widely known calaveras are created with cane sugar, decorated with items such as colored foil, icing, beads, and sometimes objects such as feathers. They range in multiple colors. Traditional methods for producing sugar skulls with molds have been in use for a long time, though the first known mention of the sale of skeletal figures dates to the 1740s. The sugar skulls were originally created as gifts, to be eaten by children. They are sometimes now used as offerings to be placed on altars known as ofrendas ("offerings") for Día de Muertos. It has been argued that the tradition has roots in indigenous celebrations, by groups including the Aztec, Mayan, and Toltec commemorations. However, what we now call Day of the Dead is more Catholic than indigenous because the Spanish tried to eradicate indigenous religions Moreover, as Stanley Brandes has argued, these skulls and skeletons have nine characteristics. They are: (1) ephemeral; (2) seasonal; (3) humorous; (4) secular; (5) commercial; (6) made for living people; (7) meant to be played with; (8) small and transportable; (9) made and consumed by an urban population. They are "lighthearted emblems of death." Thus they are not derived from sacred Mesoamerican traditions. (Full article...) List of fare/cuisine articles Mexican cuisine Cuisine of Chiapas Cuisine of Veracruz Crema (dairy product) Aztec cuisine Oaxacan cuisine Mole sauce Guacamole Enchilada Mexican breads Nachos Burrito Mexican street food Pozole Cheeses of Mexico Taco Pan dulce Mexican wine Sopa de fideo Tostilocos Beer in Mexico Champurrado Mexican Coke Menudo (soup) General images The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia. The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico) Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (from History of Mexico) Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico) "The Fall of the Alamo" by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk (from History of Mexico) Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico) April 2, 1867. Entry of General Porfirio Díaz into Puebla. (from History of Mexico) Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca, known as the "Clásico Joven." (from Culture of Mexico) Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico) Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico) Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico) The Zócalo (from Culture of Mexico) La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico) The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico) Fireworks in Mexico City for New Year's Day. (from Culture of Mexico) U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico) The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico) Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico) Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico) Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico) Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico) The Volkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (from Culture of Mexico) Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico) Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico) General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico) A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico) "The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico) Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico) La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (from Culture of Mexico) Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as President for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (from History of Mexico) Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico) Plaza de las Tres Culturas (from Culture of Mexico) Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico) Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico) Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico) General Santa Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (from History of Mexico) Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico) Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico) Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico) Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico) Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory at Miahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico and advance their agenda of liberal reforms (from History of Mexico) Equestrian statue of Charles IV in Mexico City (from History of Mexico) Subcomandante Marcos (from History of Mexico) Cabinet Officers of Andrés Manuel López Obrador (left) and of Enrique Peña Nieto (right). (from History of Mexico) Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico) Olmec colossal (from History of Mexico) José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly "Huapango" (from Culture of Mexico) 1985 Mexico City earthquake (from History of Mexico) Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico) Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico) President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico) Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico) Viceroy José de Iturrigaray (from History of Mexico) Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico) A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico) Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico) President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico) Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico) A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico) Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico) Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico) Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico) Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (from History of Mexico) President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico) Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (from History of Mexico) Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (from History of Mexico) President Felipe Calderón with President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (from History of Mexico) Logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico) Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico) Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico) Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico) El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico) Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico) Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico) Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey (Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico) Categories Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories Mexico Mexico-related lists Buildings and structures in Mexico Culture of Mexico Economy of Mexico Education in Mexico Environment of Mexico Geography of Mexico Government of Mexico Health in Mexico History of Mexico Organizations based in Mexico Mexican people Politics of Mexico Society of Mexico Sport in Mexico Images of Mexico Mexico stubs Topics Related portals WikiProject You are invited to participate in WikiProject Mexico, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Mexico. Associated Wikimedia More portals Discover Wikipedia using portals List of all portals The arts portal Biography portal Current events portal Geography portal History portal Mathematics portal Science portal Society portal Technology portal Random portal WikiProject Portals