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1901 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season

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1901 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
LeagueNCAA
SportCollege football
DurationSeptember 28, 1901
through December 5, 1901
Number of teams14
Regular Season
Season championsVanderbilt
Football seasons
← 1900
1902 →
1901 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Vanderbilt $ 4 0 0 6 1 1
Clemson 2 0 1 3 1 1
LSU 2 1 0 5 1 0
North Carolina 2 1 0 7 2 0
Tulane 2 1 0 4 2 0
Alabama 2 1 2 2 1 2
Auburn 2 2 1 2 3 1
Tennessee 1 1 2 3 3 2
Mississippi A&M 1 2 0 2 2 1
Georgia 0 3 2 1 5 2
Cumberland (TN) 0 1 0 0 3 0
Kentucky State 0 2 0 2 6 1
Ole Miss 0 4 0 2 4 0
Texas 0 0 0 8 2 1
  • $ – Conference champion

The 1901 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1901 college football season. The season began on September 28.

Amidst charges of professionalism, Georgia Tech and Nashville were blacklisted.[1][2][3] The 1901 game of LSU versus Tulane eventually ended up as a forfeiture. Tulane forfeited the game the November 16 due to a ruling from the SIAA. The 1901 edition of the Battle for the Flag against LSU was originally a 22-0 victory for Tulane. It was later forfeited after a petition to the SIAA, and was recorded as a 0-11 loss for Tulane. After the game, LSU protested to the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, and alleged that Tulane had used a professional player during the game. Several months later, the SIAA ruled the game an 11-0 forfeit in favor of LSU.[4]

The 1901 team was likely the best football team in Nashville's history. Coached by Charley Moran, though they lost to southern power Vanderbilt, they "mopped up with about everything else."[5]

Season overview

[edit]

Results and team statistics

[edit]
Conf. Rank Team Head coach Conf. record Winning Pct. Overall record PPG PAG
1 Vanderbilt Billy Watkins 4–0–0 1.000 6–1–1 22.3 1.5
2 Clemson John Heisman 2–0–1 .833 3–1–1 38.0 7.6
3 (tie) LSU W. S. Borland 2–1–0 .667 5–1–0
3 (tie) North Carolina Charles Jenkins 2–1–0 .667 7–2–0
3 (tie) Tulane H. T. Summersgill 2–1–0 .667 4–2–0
6 Alabama M. S. Harvey 2–1–2 .600 2–1–2
7 (tie) Auburn Billy Watkins 2–2–1 .500 2–3–1
7 (tie) Tennessee George Kelley 1–1–2 .500 3–3–2
9 Mississippi A&M L. B. Harvey 1–2–0 .333 2–2–1
10 Georgia E. E. Jones 0–3–2 .250 1–5–2
11 (tie) Cumberland J. S. Kuykendall 0–1–0 .000 0–1–0
11 (tie) Kentucky State W. H. Kiler 0–2–0 .000 2–6–1
11 (tie) Mississippi William Shibley 0–4–0 .000 2–4–0
Texas S. H. Thompson 0–0–0 8–2–1

Key

PPG = Average of points scored per game
PAG = Average of points allowed per game

Regular season

[edit]
Index to colors and formatting
Non-conference matchup; SIAA member won
Non-conference matchup; SIAA member lost
Non-conference matchup; tie
Conference matchup

SIAA teams in bold.

Week One

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
October 5 Kentucky State Vanderbilt Dudley FieldNashville, TN VAN 22–0 [6]
October 5 Guilford Clemson Bowman Field • Calhoun, SC W 122–0 [7]
October 5 Mooney School Cumberland Lebanon, TN L 10–12 [8]
October 7 Houston Athletic Association Texas Varsity Athletic FieldAustin, TX W 32–0 [9][10]

Week Two

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
October 11 Cumberland Southwestern Presbyterian Clarksville, TN L 0–5 [11]
October 12 Cincinnati Kentucky State Lexington, KY T 0–0 [12]
October 12 Oak Ridge Military Academy North Carolina Campus Athletic Field • Chapel Hill, NC W 28–0 [13]
October 12 South Carolina Georgia Augusta Baseball Park • Augusta, GA W 10–5 [14]
October 12 King Tennessee Chilhowee ParkKnoxville, TN W 8–0 [15]
October 12 Central University Vanderbilt Dudley Field • Nashville, TN W 25–0 [16]
October 12 Nashville Texas Dallas Fair Grounds • Dallas, TX T 5–5 [17]
October 16 North Carolina A&M North Carolina Campus Athletic Field • Chapel Hill, NC W 42–0 [18]
October 16 Tulane Meridian Athletic Club Meridian, MS W 15–0 [19]

Week Three

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
October 19 Memphis University School Ole Miss Oxford, MS W 6–0 [20]
October 19 Kentucky State Georgetown (KY) Georgetown, KY W 17–0 [21]
October 19 Guilford North Carolina Campus Athletic Field • Chapel Hill, NC W 42–0 [22]
October 19 Oklahoma Texas Varsity Athletic Field • Austin, TX W 12–6 [23]
October 19 Nashville Auburn West End Park • Birmingham, AL L 5–23 [24]
October 19 Clemson Tennessee Chilhowee Park • Knoxville, TN T 6–6 [25]
October 19 Georgia Vanderbilt Dudley Field • Nashville, TN VAN 47–0 [26]
October 21 Georgia Sewanee Hardee FieldSewanee, TN L 0–47 [27]
October 25 Cumberland Sewanee Hardee Field • Sewanee, TN L 5–44 [28]

Week Four

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
October 26 Ole Miiss Alabama The QuadTuscaloosa, AL ALA 41–0 [29]
October 26 Vanderbilt Auburn Riverside Park • Montgomery, AL VAN 41–0 [30]
October 26 Mississippi A&M Christian Brothers Memphis, TN T 0–0 [31]
October 26 North Carolina Davidson Latta ParkCharlotte, NC W 6–0 [32]
October 26 Clemson Georgia Herty FieldAthens, GA CLEM 28–0 [33]
October 26 Kentucky University Kentucky State Lexington, KY L 0–27 [34]
October 26 Texas A&M Texas San Antonio, TX W 17–0 [35]
October 26 Tennessee Nashville Peabody Field • Nashville, TN L 5–16 [36]
October 26 Tulane Mobile YMCA Mobile, AL L 0–2 [37]
October 28 LSU Louisiana Industrial Ruston, LA W 57–0 [38]
October 28 Ole Miss Mississippi A&M Starkville Fairgrounds • Starkville, MS MSA&M 17–0 [39]
October 29 Texas Baylor Waco, TX W 23–0 [40]
October 31 VPI Clemson Columbia, SC L 11–17 [41]

Week Five

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
November 2 Mississippi A&M Meridian Athletic Association Meridian, MS W 11–5 [42]
November 2 Southwestern Baptist Ole Miss Oxford, MS W 17–0 [43]
November 2 New Orleans YMCA Tulane Tulane Athletic Field • New Orleans, LA W 23–0 [44]
November 2 Kentucky University Tennessee Chilhowee Park • Knoxville, TN L 0–6 [45]
November 2 Vanderbilt Washington University Athletic ParkSt. Louis, MO L 11–12 [46]
November 2 Kentucky State Avondale Athletic Club Avondale Field • Cincinnati, OH L 6–17 [47]
November 2 North Carolina Georgia Brisbine Park • Atlanta, GA UNC 27–0 [48]
November 4 North Carolina Auburn Drill Field • Auburn, AL UNC 10–0 [49]
November 7 Ole Miss LSU State FieldBaton Rouge, LA LSU 46–0 [50]

Week Six

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
November 9 Dallas A. C. Texas Varsity Athletic Field • Austin, TX W 12–0 [51]
November 9 Georgia Alabama Highland Park • Montgomery, AL T 0–0 [52]
November 9 Mississippi A&M Tulane Tulane Athletic Field • New Orleans, LA TUL 24–6 [53]
November 9 Tennessee Vanderbilt Dudley Field • Nashville, TN VAN 22–0 [54]
November 9 Kentucky State Louisville YMCA League Park • Louisville, KY L 0–11 [55]
November 15 Auburn Alabama The Quad • Tuscaloosa, AL AUB 17–0 [56]

Week Seven

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
November 15 Davidson Georgia Herty Field • Athens, GA L 6–16 [57]
November 16 Central University Kentucky State Lexington, KY L 0–5 [58]
November 16 Mississippi A&M Alabama The Quad • Tuscaloosa, AL ALA 45–0 [59]
November 16 Texas Missouri Rollins FieldColumbia, MO W 11–0 [60]
November 16 LSU Tulane Tulane Athletic Field • New Orleans, LA LSU 11–0 5,000 [61]
November 16 Georgetown (KY) Tennessee Chilhowee Park • Knoxville, TN W 12–0 [62]
November 16 Sewanee Vanderbilt Dudley Field • Nashville, TN T 0–0 [63]
November 19 North Carolina North Carolina A&M State FairgroundsRaleigh, NC W 30–0 [64]
November 19 Texas Kirksville Osteopaths Kirksville, MO L 0–48 [65]
November 20 Auburn LSU State Field • Baton Rouge, LA AUB 28–0 [66]

Week Eight

[edit]
Date Time Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
November 23 North Carolina Virginia Leagur Park • Norfolk, VA L 6–23 5,000 [67]
November 23 Texas Kansas McCook FieldLawrence, KS L 0–12 600 [68]
November 23 Kentucky State Tennessee Chilhowee Park • Knoxville, TN TENN 5–0 [69]
November 25 Texas Oklahoma Normal grounds • Norman, OK W 11–0 [70]
November 28 Cincinnati JV Kentucky State Lexington, KY W 16–0 [71]
November 28 Tennessee Alabama West End Park • Birmingham, AL T 6–6 [72]
November 28 Auburn Georgia Piedmont Park • Atlanta, GA T 0–0 [73]
November 28 New Orleans YMCA LSU State Field • Baton Rouge, LA W 38–0
November 28 Texas A&M Texas Varsity Athletic Field • Austin, TX W 32–0 [74]
November 28 Clemson North Carolina Latta Park • Charlotte, NC CLEM 22–10 [75]
November 28 Ole Miss Tulane Tulane Athletic Field • New Orleans, LA TUL 25–11 [76]
November 28 2:00 p. m. Nashville Vanderbilt Dudley Field • Nashville, TN VAN 10–0 4,000 [77]

Week Nine

[edit]
Date Visiting team Home team Site Result Attendance Reference
December 5 Arkansas LSU State Field • Baton Rouge, LA W 15–0 [78]

Awards and honors

[edit]

All-Southerns

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Will Meet At Chapel Hill". Asheville Citizen. December 11, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved August 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  2. ^ "Athletic Blacklist Has Widespread Effect". The Charlotte News. December 14, 1901. p. 11. Retrieved August 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  3. ^ "Fight Is Against Professionalism". Atlanta Constitution. December 22, 1901. p. 11. Retrieved August 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  4. ^ "Tulane Football History". Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  5. ^ "Brown Calls Vanderbilt '06 Best Eleven South Ever Had". Atlanta Constitution. February 19, 1911. p. 52. Retrieved March 8, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  6. ^ "Kentucky Cardinals; Prove an easy mark for fast Vanderbilt eleven". Nashville Banner. October 7, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Phenomenal score". The Times (Richmond, IN). October 6, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Football". The Commercial Appeal. October 7, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Varsity wins from Houston". The San Antonio Daily Express. October 8, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "The 'Varsity eleven win their first game by 29 to 0". The Austin Daily Statesman. October 8, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "S.W.P.U. wins her first football game". Daily Leaf-Chronicle. October 12, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ Morris Isaacs (October 13, 1901). "Great showing made by U.C.: Battled fiercely with the Kentuckians". The Cincinnati Enquirer. p. 10. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "The University defeats Oak Ridge in football". Charlotte Daily Observer. October 13, 1901. p. 3. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Not a bad showing for the Carolinas". The State. October 13, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "On many gridirons". The Nashville American. October 13, 1901. p. 6. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "Crushing defeat; Vanderbilt beats C.U. 25 to 0". Lexington Leader. October 13, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "The great football game: Texas and Tennessee play a tie game on the Dallas Gridiron". The Austin Daily Statesman. October 13, 1901. p. 7. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Given a drubbing: A. and M. used up on the gridiron". The News and Observer. October 17, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Olive and Blue Tulane gain an easy victory over Meridian". The Times-Democrat. October 17, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "University of Mississippi 6, University School of Memphis 0". The Times-Democrat. October 20, 1901. p. 14. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Score 17 To 0". Lexington Leader. October 20, 1901. p. 5. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "The University team defeats Guilford College, 42 to 0". Charlotte Daily Observer. October 20, 1901. p. 3. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Territory giants defeated: After a desperate struggle 'Varsity won the battle by a score of 12 to 6". The Austin Daily Statesman. October 20, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "Guinn gets the score: Nashville too strong for Auburn". The Montgomery Advertiser. October 20, 1901. p. 10. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "Draw game with fast eleven from Clemson". The Journal and Tribune. October 19, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Georgia's Waterloo: So game with Vanderbilt on Dudley Field proves". The Nashville American. October 20, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ "Sewanee 47; Georgia 0". The Nashville American. October 22, 1901. p. 6. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ "Sewanee wins". The Nashville American. October 26, 1901. p. 6. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ "Alabama victorious". The Tuskaloosa Gazette. October 27, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ "Vanderbilt 41, Auburn 0". Atlanta Constitution. October 27, 1901. p. 9. Retrieved July 15, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  31. ^ "Tied on 0–0". The Commercial Appeal. October 27, 1901. p. 3. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ "Kicks and thumps with the pigskin: North Carolina slugs Davidson to slumber". The News and Observer. October 27, 1901. p. 10. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "Clemson defeats Georgia". The Atlanta Constitution. October 27, 1901. p. 9. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "Louisville players badly hurt: Kentucky University eleven defeats the State College in a game replete with rough work". The Courier-Journal. October 27, 1901. p. IV-2. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "A. & M. College didn't score: University won easily from A. & M. -- Score 17 to 0". Austin Daily Statesman. October 27, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ "Nashville victor: University of Tennessee is defeated, score 16 to 5". The Nashville American. October 27, 1901. p. 8. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ "Tulane beaten; Y.M.C.A. wins the game on a safety". The Times-Democrat. October 27, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ "Baton Rouge defeats Ruston with small effort". The Times-Democrat. October 29, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "A. and M. team wins". The Commercial Appeal. October 29, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ^ "'Varsity, 23; Baylor, 0". The San Antonio Daily Express. October 30, 1901. p. 8. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ "V.P.I., 17; Clemson, 11". The Baltimore Sun. November 1, 1901. p. 6. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ^ "Five and five". The Times-Democrat]. November 2, 1901. p. 12. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ "Seventeen to nothing: Mississippi University defeats the Southwestern Baptist University at football". The Times-Democrat. November 3, 1901. p. 12. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ^ "Tulane's victory; University team wins from Young Men's Christian Association". The Times-Democrat. November 3, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ "Kentucky 6, Tennessee 0". The Courier-Journal. November 3, 1901. p. IV-4. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. ^ "Washington won again". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. November 3, 1901. p. 15. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^ "Avondale defeated the Kentuckians". The Cincinnati Enquirer. November 3, 1901. p. 10. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ "Tarheels take easy victory from Georgia's light team". The Atlanta Constitution. November 3, 1901. p. 11. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ^ "Auburn does well: Tar Heels unable to cross line". The Montgomery Advertiser. November 5, 1901. p. 10. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ "L.S.U. Again Defeated: Auburn Too Much for Baton Rouge Eleven". The Times-Democrat. November 21, 1901. p. 11. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ "Boys played a listless game: 'Varsity won from Dallas eleven by a score of 10 to 2". Austin Daily Statesman. November 10, 1901. p. 8. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ "Neither Side Could Score: Alabama and Georgia at Football". The Montgomery Advertiser. November 10, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ "Tulane's speedy work; Wins game from Mississippi boys at New Orleans". The Commercial Appeal. November 10, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^ "Vanderbilt Winner: Piles Up Score of 22 to 0 Against Tennessee". The Nashville American. November 10, 1901. p. 9. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "Y.M.C.A. boys beat State College". The Courier-Journal. November 10, 1901. p. 31. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ "Ain't it a shame - Auburn gets yesterday's afternoon game". The Tuskaloosa Gazette. November 16, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ^ "Davidson College 16; Georgia University 6". The Atlanta Constitution. November 16, 1901. p. 8. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ^ "Big games at Lexington". The Courier-Journal. November 17, 1901. p. 31. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^ "She redeems herself - The big boys from across the border lost by score of 45 to 0". The Tuskaloosa Gazette. November 17, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ^ "Tigers' colors are lowered once more". The St. Louis Republic. November 17, 1901. p. 24. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ^ "Tulane Beats L.S.U." The Shreveport Times. November 17, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ^ "Tennessee on top: University men defeat Georgetown, Ky., College at Knoxville". The Nashville American. November 17, 1901. p. 18. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ^ "Neither one scored: Vanderbilt and mountain lads play a tie game". The Nashville American. November 17, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ^ "Varsity eleven does up A and M: Score 30 to 0 when darkness came on". The Tar Heel. November 20, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "Kirksville 48; Texas 0". Topeka State Journal. November 21, 1901. p. 2. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ^ "L.S.U. again defeated: Auburn too much for Baton Rouge eleven". The Times-Democrat. November 21, 1901. p. 11. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ "Orange and Blue Win; Hold Pennant Still". The Times. Vol. 16. November 24, 1901.
  68. ^ "Kansans in clean football defeated the Texas players". The Topeka Daily Capital. November 24, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ "U. of T. Victorious: In a Poor Game Kentucky State College Is Beaten". The Nashville American. November 24, 1901. p. 6. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ^ "Texas won a game: Downed Oklahoma Territory students in a hard fought contest". Houston Daily Post. November 26, 1901. p. 2. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  71. ^ "Varsity lost: Did not have enough men to finish the game". The Cincinnati Enquirer. November 29, 1901. p. 7. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  72. ^ "Tennessee boys robbed of victory well earned". The Journal and Tribune. November 29, 1901. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ^ "Auburn barely escapes defeat from Georgia's steady on-rush". The Atlanta Constitution. November 29, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. ^ "The visitors did not score: 'Varsity won easily from A. & M. by a score of 34 to 0". Austin Daily Statesman. November 29, 1901. p. 5. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  75. ^ "Clemson beats the Tar Heels in Charlotte". The Morning Post. November 29, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  76. ^ "Tulane wins again: Mississippi proves "easy" for Olive and Blue". The Times-Democrat. November 29, 1901. p. 8. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ^ "Dixie Championship Goes To Vanderbilt". Atlanta Constitution. November 29, 1901. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  78. ^ "Won by Louisiana". Arkansas Democrat. December 7, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.