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Appomattox campaign order of battle: Confederate

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The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the final military encounter of the American Civil War, the 1865 Appomattox campaign, which lasted from March 29 to April 9 and resulted in Confederate surrender on April 9 at the Appomattox Court House. Order of battle has been compiled from the army organization during the campaign.[1][2] The Union order of battle is listed separately.

Abbreviations used

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Military rank

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Other

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Army of Northern Virginia

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Gen Robert E. Lee, Commanding
Staff:

Division Brigade Regiments and others

Headquarters units

Escort
  • 39th Virginia Cavalry Battalion: Cpt Samuel B. Brown
Provost Guard


Maj D. B. Bridgford

Engineers


Col T. M. R. Talcott

  • 1st Confederate Engineers
  • 2nd Confederate Engineers

First Corps

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LTG James Longstreet
Staff:

  • Corps medical director: Surgeon John Cullen
Division Brigade Regiments and others

Pickett's Division


     MG George E. Pickett

Steuart's Brigade


   BG George H. Steuart

Corse's Brigade


   BG Montgomery D. Corse (c, April 6)
   Col Arthur Herbert

Hunton's Brigade


   BG Eppa Hunton (c, April 6)
   Maj Michael P. Spessard

Terry's Brigade


   BG William R. Terry (w, March 31)
   Col Joseph Mayo, Jr.
   Maj William W. Bentley

Field's Division


     MG Charles W. Field

Perry's Brigade


   BG William F. Perry

  • 4th Alabama Infantry: Ltc Lawrence H. Scruggs
  • 15th Alabama Infantry: Col Alexander A. Lowther
  • 44th Alabama Infantry: Ltc John A. Jones
  • 47th Alabama Infantry: Cpt Eli D. Clower
  • 48th Alabama Infantry: Maj John W. Wigginton
Anderson's Brigade


   BG George T. Anderson

  • 7th Georgia Infantry: Col George H. Carmical
  • 8th Georgia Infantry: Col John R. Towers
  • 9th Georgia Infantry: Maj John W. Arnold
  • 11th Georgia Infantry: Cpt William H. Ramsey
  • 59th Georgia Infantry: Col Jack Brown
Benning's Brigade


   BG Henry L. Benning

  • 2nd Georgia Infantry: Cpt Thomas Chaffin,jr.
  • 15th Georgia Infantry: Maj Peter J. Shannon
  • 17th Georgia Infantry: Maj James B. Moore
  • 20th Georgia Infantry
Gregg's Brigade


   Col R. M. Powell

Bratton's Brigade


   BG John Bratton

  • 1st South Carolina Infantry: Col James R. Hagood
  • 5th South Carolina Infantry: Col Asbury Coward
  • 6th South Carolina Infantry: Col John M. Steedman
  • 2nd South Carolina Rifles: Col Robert E. Bowen
  • Palmetto (South Carolina) Sharpshooters

Kershaw's Division[3]


     MG Joseph B. Kershaw (c, April 6)

DuBose's Brigade


   BG Dudley M. DuBose (c, April 6)
   Cpt J. F. Espy

  • 16th Georgia Infantry: Lt William W. Montgomery
  • 18th Georgia Infantry: Cpt J. F. Espy, Lt Gideon J. Lasseter
  • 24th Georgia Infantry: Cpt J. A. Jarrard
  • 3rd Georgia Sharpshooters Battalion
  • Cobb's (Georgia) Legion: Lt W. G. Steed
  • Philip's (Georgia) Legion: Lt A. J. Reese
Humphrey's Brigade


   Col William H. Fitzgerald (c, April 6)
   Cpt Gwin R. Cherry

Simms' Brigade


   BG James P. Simms (c, April 6)
   Cpt George W. Waldron

Artillery


     BG Edward P. Alexander

Cabell's Battalion[4]


   Maj S. P. Hamilton

  • Pulaski (Georgia) Artillery
  • Carlton's (Georgia) Battery
  • 1st Company Richmond Howitzers (Virginia)
  • Manly's (North Carolina) Battery
Huger's Battalion


   Maj Tyler C. Jordan

  • Madison Louisiana Light Artillery: Lt George Poindexter
  • Fickling's (South Carolina) Battery: Lt E. L. Purse
  • Parker's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Edwin S. Wooldridge
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt John Donneli Smith
  • Taylor's (Virginia) Battery: Lt John H. Weddell
  • Virginia Battery: Lt James Woolfolk
Haskell's Battalion


   Maj John C. Haskell

  • North Carolina Battery: Cpt Henry G. Flanner
  • Ramsay's (North Carolina) Battery: Lt Jesse F. Woodard
  • South Carolina Battery: Cpt Hugh R. Garden
  • Lamkin's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Fletcher T. Massie

Second Corps

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MG John B. Gordon
Staff:

Division Brigade Regiments and others

Formerly Ramseur's Division


     MG Bryan Grimes

Battle's Brigade


   Col Edwin L. Hobson

  • 3rd Alabama Infantry: Cpt Cornelius Robinson, Jr.
  • 5th Alabama Infantry: Col Edwin L. Hobson, Cpt Thomas M. Riley
  • 6th Alabama Infantry: Maj Isaac F. Culver
  • 12th Alabama Infantry: Cpt Poleman D. Rose
  • 61st Alabama Infantry: Cpt Augustus B. Fanin, jr
Grimes' Brigade


   Col David G. Cowand

  • 32nd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt P. C. Shuford
  • 43rd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Wiley J. Cobb
  • 45th North Carolina Infantry: Col John R. Winston
  • 53rd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Thomas E. Ashcraft
  • 2nd North Carolina Battalion
Cox's Brigade


   BG William Ruffin Cox

  • 1st North Carolina Infantry: Maj Louis C. Latham
  • 2nd North Carolina Infantry: Maj James T. Scales
  • 3rd North Carolina: Maj William T. Ennett
  • 4th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt John B. Forcum
  • 14th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc William A. Johnston.
  • 30th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt David C. Allen
Cook's Brigade


   Ltc Edwin A. Nash

  • 4th Georgia: Col Edwin A. Nash, Cpt John M. Shiver
  • 12th Georgia: Cpt Josiah N. Beall
  • 21st Georgia: Cpt Edward Smith
  • 44th Georgia: Cpt John A. Tucker
  • Co.B - Sumter Georgia Artillery
Archer's Battalion[5]


   Ltc Fletcher H. Archer

  • 3rd Battalion Virginia Reserves: Cpt Joseph A. Rogers
  • 44th Virginia Battalion: Cpt A. B. Morrison

Formerly J. Pegram's Division


     BG James A. Walker

R.D. Johnston's Brigade


   Col John W. Lea

  • 5th North Carolina Infantry: Col John W. Lea, Cpt James M. Taylor
  • 12th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt P. Durham
  • 20th North Carolina Infantry: Lt Archibald F. Lawhon
  • 23rd North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Abner D. Peace
  • 1st North Carolina Sharpshooters Battalion: Lt R. W. Woodruff
Lewis' Brigade


   BG William G. Lewis (w, April 7)
   Cpt John Beard

  • 6th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Joseph H. Dickey
  • 21st North Carolina Infantry: Cpt John H. Miller
  • 54th North Carolina Infantry
  • 57th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt John Beard
Walker's Brigade


   Maj Henry K. Douglas

Gordon's Division


     BG Clement A. Evans

Evans' Brigade


   Col John H. Lowe

  • 13th Georgia Infantry: Ltc Richard Maltbie
  • 26th Georgia Infantry: Cpt James Knox
  • 31st Georgia Infantry: Cpt Edward C. Perry
  • 38th Georgia Infantry: Ltc Philip E. Davant
  • 60th Georgia Infantry: Col Waters B. Jones
  • 61st Georgia Infantry: Col Waters B. Jones
  • 9th Georgia Artillery Battalion: Sgt. Horace L. Cranford
  • 12th Georgia Artillery Battalion: Cpt Samuel H. Crump
  • 18th Georgia Battalion: Cpt George W. Stiles
Terry's Brigade


   Col Titus V. Williams

York's Brigade


   Col Eugene Waggaman

Artillery


     BG Armistead L. Long

Nelson's Battalion[4]


   Ltc William Nelson

Braxton's Battalion


   Ltc Carter M. Braxton

Cutshaw's Battalion


   Ltc Wilfred Emory Cutshaw (w, April 6)
   Cpt C. W. Fry

  • Jeff Davis (Alabama) Artillery
  • King William (Virginia) Artillery
  • Morris (Virginia) Artillery
  • Orange (Virginia) Artillery
  • Staunton (Virginia) Artillery
  • Richmond Howitzers, 2nd Company
Hardaway's Battalion


   Ltc Robert A. Hardaway

  • Powhatan Artillery (Virginia)
  • 3rd Company, Richmond Howitzers (Virginia)
  • Rockbridge Artillery (Virginia)
  • Salem Flying Artillery (Virginia)
Johnson's Battalion


   Ltc Marmaduke Johnson

  • Clutter's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Lucas McIntosh.
  • Fredericksburg Artillery (Virginia): Cpt John G. Pollock
Lightfoot's Battalion


  

  • Caroline Artillery (Virginia)
  • Nelson Artillery (Virginia)
  • Surry Artillery (Virginia)
Stark's Battalion


   Ltc Alexander W. Stark

  • Louisiana Guard Battery (Green's)
  • McComas Artillery/French's Battery (Virginia): Cpt David A. French
  • Armistead's Battery/Matthew's Artillery (Virginia): Cpt Andrew D. Armistead

Third Corps

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LTG A. P. Hill (k, April 2)[6]

Provost Guard

  • 5th Alabama Battalion: Cpt Wade Ritter
Division Brigade Regiments and others

Mahone's Division


     MG William Mahone

Forney's Brigade


   BG William H. Forney

Weisiger's Brigade


   BG David A. Weisiger

Harris' Brigade


   BG Nathaniel H. Harris

Sorrel's Brigade


   Col George Edward Tayloe

  • 3rd Georgia Infantry: Ltc Claiborne Snead
  • 22nd Georgia Infantry: Cpt George W. Thomas
  • 48th Georgia Infantry: Cpt Alexander C. Flanders
  • 64th Georgia Infantry: Cpt James G. Brown
  • 2nd Georgia Battalion: Maj Charles J. Moffett
  • 10th Georgia Battalion: Cpt Caleb F. Hill
Finegan's Brigade


   BG Theodore W. Brevard, Jr. (c, April 6)
   Col David Lang

Heth's Division


     MG Henry Heth

Davis' Brigade


   BG Joseph R. Davis

Cooke's Brigade


   BG John R. Cooke

  • 15th North Carolina Infantry: Col William H. Yarborough
  • 27th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc Joseph C. Webb
  • 46th North Carolina Infantry: Col William L. Saunders
  • 48th North Carolina Infantry: Col Samuel H. Walkup
  • 55th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt Walter A. Whitted
MacRae's Brigade


   BG William MacRae

McComb's Brigade


   BG William McComb

  • 2nd Maryland Battalion: Cpt John W. Torsch
  • 1st Tennessee Infantry (Provisional Army): Maj Felix G. Buchanan
  • 7th Tennessee Infantry: Ltc Samuel G. Shepard
  • 14th Tennessee Infantry: Maj James H. Johnson
  • 17th Tennessee Infantry: Col Horace Ready
  • 23rd Tennessee Infantry: Col Horace Ready
  • 25th Tennessee Infantry
  • 44th Tennessee Infantry
  • 63rd Tennessee Infantry

Wilcox's Division


     MG Cadmus M. Wilcox

Thomas' Brigade


   BG Edward L. Thomas

  • 14th Georgia Infantry: Col Richard P. Lester
  • 35th Georgia Infantry: Col Bolling H. Holt
  • 45th Georgia Infantry: Col Thomas J. Simmons
  • 49th Georgia Infantry: Maj James B. Duggan
Lane's Brigade


   BG James H. Lane

  • 18th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Thomas J. Wooten
  • 28th North Carolina Infantry: Cpt T. James Linebarger
  • 33rd North Carolina Infantry: Col Robert V. Cowan
  • 37th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Jackson L. Bost
McGowan's Brigade


   BG Samuel McGowan

Scales' Brigade


   Col Joseph H. Hyman

  • 13th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc E. Benton Withers
  • 16th North Carolina Infantry: Col William A. Stowe
  • 22nd North Carolina Infantry: Col Thomas S. Galloway, jr
  • 34th North Carolina Infantry: Ltc George M. Norment
  • 38th North Carolina Infantry: Col John Ashford, Ltc George W. Flowers

Artillery


     Col R. Lindsay Walker

McIntosh's Battalion


   Ltc William M. Owen

  • Hurt's (Alabama) Battery: Lt George A. Ferrell
  • 1st Battery, Washington Artillery (Louisiana): Cpt Edward Owen
  • Chew's (Maryland) Battery
  • Chamberlayne's (Virginia) Battery
  • Donald's (Virginia) Battery: Lt William T. Wilson
  • Rockbridge (Virginia) Artillery, 2nd Battery: Cpt Berryman Z. Price
Pegram's Battalion


   Col William J. Pegram (mw, April 2)
   Ltc Joseph McGraw

  • South Carolina Battery: Cpt Thomas E. Gregg
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt George M. Cayce
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt Thomas Ellett
  • Brander's (Virginia) Battery: Lt James E. Tyler
Poague's Battalion


   Ltc William T. Poague

  • Richards' (Mississippi) Battery: Lt John W. Yeargain
  • North Carolina Battery: Cpt Arthur B. Williams
  • Albemarle (Virginia) Artillery: Cpt Charles F. Johnston
  • Brooke (Virginia) Artillery: Cpt Addison W. Utterback
  • Lewis' (Virginia) Battery: Cpt Nathan Penick
Thirteenth Virginia Battalion


   no commander listed[7]

  • Otey Battery: Cpt David N. Walker
  • Ringgoldi Battery: Cpt Grispin Dickenson
Richardson's Battalion


   Ltc Charles Richardson

Lane's Battalion[4]


   Maj John Lane

  • Ross' (Georgia) Battery
  • Patterson's (Georgia) Battery
  • Irwin (Georgia) Artillery
Washington Artillery


   Ltc Benjamin F. Eshleman

  • 1st Company (Louisiana)
  • 2nd Company (Louisiana)
  • 3rd Company (Louisiana)
  • 4th Company (Louisiana)

Fourth Corps

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LTG Richard H. Anderson[8]

Division Brigade Regiments and others

Johnson's Division


     MG Bushrod R. Johnson[9]
     BG William H. Wallace

Wallace's Brigade


   BG William H. Wallace

  • 17th South Carolina Infantry: Cpt E. A. Crawford
  • 18th South Carolina Infantry: Ltc W. B. Allison
  • 22nd South Carolina Infantry: Col William G. Burt
  • 23rd South Carolina Infantry: Ltc John M. Kinloch
  • 26th South Carolina Infantry: Maj Ceth S. Land
  • Holcombe (South Carolina) Legion
Moody's Brigade


   BG Young M. Moody (c, April 8)
   Col Martin L. Stansel

Wise's Brigade


   BG Henry A. Wise

Ransom's Brigade


   BG Matthew W. Ransom

  • 24th North Carolina Infantry
  • 25th North Carolina Infantry: Col Henry M. Rutledge
  • 35th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Robert E. Petty
  • 49th North Carolina Infantry: Maj Charles Q. Petty
  • 56th North Carolina Infantry: Col Paul F. Faison

Artillery


     Col Hilary P. Jones

Coit's Battalion


   Maj James C. Coit

  • Wright's (Virginia) Battery
  • Pegram's (Virginia) Battery
  • Bradford's (Mississippi) Battery
Blount's Battalion


   Maj Joseph G. Blount

  • Georgia Battalion: Cpt C. W. Slaten
  • Cumming's (North Carolina) Battery: Lt Alexander D. Brown
  • Miller's (North Carolina) Battery
  • Young's (Virginia) Battery
Stribling's Battalion


   Maj Robert M. Stribling

  • Dickerson's (Virginia) Battery
  • Marshall's (Virginia) Battery: Lt T. Marshall Archer
  • Macon's (Virginia) Battery
  • Sullivan's (Virginia) Battery: Lt William S. Archer
Smith's Battalion


   Cpt William F. Dement

  • 1st Maryland Battery: Lt John Gale
  • Johnston's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Thomas R. Adams
  • Neblett's (Virginia) Battery: Lt Robert J. Braswell
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt John W. Drewry
  • Virginia Battery: Cpt Thomas Kevill
Sturdivant's Battalion[4]


   Cpt N. A. Sturdivant

  • Martin's (Virginia) Battery
  • Sturdivant's (Virginia) Battery

Cavalry Corps

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MG Fitzhugh Lee

Division Brigade Regiments and others

Fitzhugh Lee's Division


     Col Thomas T. Munford

Munford's Brigade
Payne's Brigade


   BG William H. F. Payne (w, March 30)
   Col Reuben B. Boston (k, April 6)

Gary's Brigade


   BG Martin W. Gary

W. H. F. Lee's Division


     MG William. H. F. Lee

Barringer's Brigade


   BG Rufus Barringer (c, April 3)

Beale's Brigade


   Cpt Samuel H. Burt

Robert's Brigade


   BG William P. Roberts

  • 4th North Carolina Cavalry
  • 16th North Carolina Cavalry Battalion

Rosser's Division


     MG Thomas L. Rosser

Dearing's Brigade


   BG James Dearing (mw, April 6)
   Lt. Col. Elijah V. White

McCausland's Brigade

Horse Artillery


     Ltc R. Preston Chew

Breathed's Battalion


   Maj James Breathed

  • Johnston's (Virginia) Battery
  • Shoemaker's (Virginia) Battery
  • Thomson's (Virginia) Battery
Chew's Battalion
  • Graham's (Virginia) Battery
  • McGregor's (Virginia) Battery

Department of Richmond

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LTG Richard S. Ewell (c, April 6)
Ltc Thomas J. Spencer

Division Brigade Regiments and others

G. W. C. Lee's Division
     MG G.W.C. Lee (c, April 6)[10]

Barton's Brigade


   BG Seth M. Barton (c, April 6)

  • 40th Virginia Infantry
  • 47th and 50th Virginia Infantry
  • 22nd Virginia Infantry Battalion
  • 25th Virginia Infantry Battalion
Moore's Brigade


   BG Patrick T. Moore[11]

  • 2nd Virginia Local Defense Troops
  • 3rd Virginia Local Defense Troops
  • 1st Virginia Reserves
  • 2nd Virginia Reserves
  • 1st Virginia Reserves Battalion: Ltc Richard T.W. Duke (c, April 6)
  • 2nd Virginia Reserves Battalion
Artillery Brigade


   Col Stapleton Crutchfield (k, April 6)
   2nd Lt Kena K. Chapman[12]

  • 10th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 18th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 19th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 20th Virginia Heavy Artillery Battalion
  • 18th Georgia Heavy Artillery Battalion

Other units

Drewry's Bluff garrison


   Maj F. W. Smith (k, April 5)

  • Young's Howitzers (Virginia)
  • Johnston (Eppes) Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • Neblett's Artillery (Virginia)
  • Lunenburg Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • Pamunkey Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • Southside Heavy Artillery (Virginia)
  • United Artillery/Kevill's Company (Virginia)
Naval Brigade


   Commodore John R. Tucker (c, April 6)

  • Composed of sailors from the James River Squadron
Unattached units
  • Chaffin's Bluff: Ltc J. M. Maury
  • Marines: Cpt John D. Simms (c, April 6)

Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia

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Division Brigade Regiments and others

First Military District


     BG Henry A. Wise

Petersburg


   Maj W. H. Ker

  • 3rd Virginia Reserves Battalion
  • 44th Virginia Battalion
Unattached units
  • Hood's Battalion, Virginia Militia
  • Second-class militia
  • Independent Signal Corps

Notes

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  1. ^ Official Records, Series I, Volume XLVI, Part 1, pages 1267-1276
  2. ^ Multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the campaign.
  3. ^ During the retreat Kershaw's and G. W. C. Lee's divisions, with other troops from the defenses of Richmond, were commanded by Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell.
  4. ^ a b c d This artillery battalion were shown on the Army of Northern Virginia returns for March 31, but do not enumerated on the Appomattox paroles.
  5. ^ Temporarily attached during the retreat.
  6. ^ The Corps was attached to the First Corps on April 2, after the death of General Hill.
  7. ^ Marvel, p. 226.
  8. ^ Relieved of command, April 8. Johnson's Division was reassigned to the Second Corps on April 8.
  9. ^ Relieved of command, April 8.
  10. ^ by Pvt. David D. White, 37th Massachusetts Infantry or Pvt. Harris Hawthorn, 121st New York Infantry
  11. ^ Apparently did not accompany his command on the retreat
  12. ^ Marvel, p. 195.

References

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  • U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
  • National Park Service: Appomattox Court House (Confederate order of battle).
  • Calkins, Chris. The Appomattox Campaign: March 29 – April 9, 1865. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, 1997. ISBN 0-938289-54-3.
  • Marvel, William. Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8078-5703-8.