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Cultural impact of Britney Spears

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Britney Spears performing in London, 2016

American singer Britney Spears (b. 1981) has had a significant cultural impact through her music, visuals, performances, image, and lifestyle. Since her debut in 1998, Spears has become a major cultural figure, building a legacy that goes beyond music, often a subject of academic cultural analyses. Spears is heavily referred to as the "Princess of Pop".[1][2][3][4][5]

In the late 1990s, Britney Spears burst onto the scene with her debut single "…Baby One More Time"; her success with "…Baby One More Time" showcased mass success worldwide, changing the trajectory of pop music and bubblegum pop.[6][7]

Spears's music videos have played a significant role in shaping pop culture and being credited in several other artists work. In 2011, she received the Lifetime Achievement award, MTV Video Vanguard Award, for her "outstanding contributions" and "profound impact" on music videos and pop culture.[8]

Spears's music has had a big impact on the LGBTQ+ community and culture. She has used her platform and voice to support the LGBTQ+ community, from the Dream Act to anti-transgender bills in Texas.[9] Her freedom after her conservatorship abuse touched her queer fans by sharing their stories.[10] Songs like “Stronger” have been an inspirational anthem for a generation of the LGBTQ+ people.[11]

Spears is one of the best-selling artists of all time, garnering commercial success through Billboard charts with five number-one singles, "…Baby One More Time", "Womanizer", "3", "Hold It Against Me", "S&M Remix" and six number-one albums, …Baby One More Time, Oops!… I Did it Again, Britney, In the Zone, Circus and Femme Fatale.[12]

Throughout her career, Spears has earned accolades including the Hollywood Walk of Fame at the age of 21,[13] 15 Guinness World Records and was Inducted in the Young Hollywood Hall of Fame (Music Artist category).[14]

Commercial success

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Billboard achievements

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Spears has set numerous Billboard achievements being named the top female artist in 1999 by the magazine.[15] Billboard ranked her the eighth overall Artist of the Decade, and also recognized her as the best-selling female album artist of the 21st century's first decade, as well as the fifth overall.[16][17] By the end of the 2000s decade, Billboard ranked Spears second on the Billboard 200 Artists Decade End Chart, behind Eminem,[18] and 36th on the Billboard Hot 100 Artists Decade End.[19]

Spears was ranked 20th on the Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists.[20] In 2009, she was recognized as the 10th best-selling solo artist on Billboard.[21] In 2011, Spears became the second artist in history to debut at number one with two or more songs on the Billboard Hot 100, (“3” & “Hold It Against Me”).

RIAA achievements

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Additionally, the Recording Industry Association of America recognized Spears as the ninth best-selling female artist in the United States.[22] Spears serves as one of the few artists in history to have a number-one single and studio album in each of the three decades of their career—1990s, 2000s, and 2010s.[23]

Spears is one of the best-selling music artists of all time and one of the best-selling female artists of all time, selling over 150 million record worldwide.[24] Britney has amounted a number of successful singles worldwide.

In the United States, Spears is the fourth best-selling female album artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era,as well as the best-selling female album artist of the 2000s. Before she turned 20 in 2001, Spears had sold over 37 million albums worldwide".[25][26][27]

Album achievements

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— ...Baby One More Time (1999)

On January 12, 1999, Spears released her debut album ...Baby One More Time, which was a huge commercial success and broke many records. The singer became the first new female artist to have a number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one album on the Billboard 200 at the same time;[28] the first new artist (male or female) to have a single go to the number one spot the same week that the album debuted at number one;[28] and the first new female artist to have the first single and first album at number one the same week.[28] Spears is also the youngest female in Billboard history to have a simultaneous single and album at number one in the same week, and became the fifth artist under the age of 18 to top the Billboard 200.[28]

...Baby One More Time spent a total of six non-consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard 200, and sold over 1.8 million copies in the US within its first two months, an impressive number for a debut artist. In its 47th week on the Billboard 200, the album held strong at number three, and reached the ten-million sales mark in the country. The album was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 9, 1999,[29][30] less than a year after its release, making Spears the youngest artist to receive that certification, at 18 years old, breaking the record held by Alanis Morissette, who was 21 when her album Jagged Little Pill (1995) was certified diamond.[29] It became the 14th album since 1991 to sell over ten million copies in the US,[31] and Spears became the best-selling female artist of 1999.[29] ...Baby One More Time spent a total of 51 weeks within the top ten on the Billboard 200, being the second best-selling album of 1999 in the US, only behind Millennium by the Backstreet Boys, and spent a total of 103 weeks on the chart. The album was ranked at number 41 on the all-time US Billboard 200 chart,[32] and at number 16 on the Billboard 200 albums by women.[33]

Worldwide, the album was also a huge commercial success, charting at number one in seven countries. It is also the best selling album by a teenage female artist of all time, according to the Guinness World Records, and one of the best-selling albums of all time, selling an estimated 25 million copies worldwide.[34]

Additionally to the album's commercial success, its debut single was also a worldwide hit, topping the charts in over 20 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, where it earned quintuple and triple-platinum certifications from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), respectively, and was the latter's best-selling single of 1999. The song is one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 10 million copies sold.

— Oops!... I Did It Again (2000)

Spears released her second album Oops!... I Did It Again on May 3, 2000 and was also a massive commercial success worldwide, debuting at number one in over 20 countries. In the United States, the album reportedly sold 500,000 copies in its first day of release,[35] and it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 1,319,193 million copies,[36] holding the record for the fastest-selling album by a female artist and the largest first-week sales for a female album for 15 years, until being surpassed by Adele's 25 (2015), which sold over 3.38 million copies in its first week.[37] In the following weeks, the album spent 15 consecutive weeks at number two.[38][39] By its fifth week of availability, Oops!... I Did It Again had already sold over three million copies and had passed five million copies by August.[40] On its seventeenth week on the chart, it was certified septuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 7 million units,[41] being certified Diamond on January 24, 2005,[42] becoming the youngest artist of all time to have multiple diamond albums. Oops!... I Did It Again became the third best-selling album of 2000 in the United States, selling 7,893,544 albums according to Nielsen SoundScan[43] and fourth best-selling album according to Billboard Year-End of 2000.[44] The album spent eighty-four weeks on the Billboard 200 and was ranked at number number 16 on the Billboard 200 albums by women.[33]

According to Billboard, Oops!... I Did It Again is one of the 15 best-performing 21st-century albums without any of its singles being number-one hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 as of 2022;[45] its only top-ten hit was its lead single Oops!... I Did It Again, which reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, which was considered a minor disappointment by Jive Records at the time. However, the song was a commercial success worldwide, peaking atop the charts in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.[46]

Worldwide, the album debuted at number one in 20 countries and in the top 10 of all countries it charted, having selling 15 million copies worldwide by the end of 2000. In Europe, it sold over 4 million copies, being certified four-times Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.[47] It was the best-selling female album and third best-selling album of 2000.[48] The album has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide, being one of the best-selling albums of all time.[49]

— Britney (2001)

Spears released her third album, Britney on October 31, 2001. The album gave Spears her third number-one album, opening with 746,000 copies on the Billboard 200, making Spears the first female artist to have her first three studio albums debut atop the chart, a record she would later break with her fourth studio album In the Zone (2003). She also held the second-highest debut album sales of 2001, behind Celebrity by NSYNC with 1.88 million units moved and was the highest debut-week sales by a female artist of the year.[50] The album went number one in 8 countries and a top ten hit in over 25 countries. In December 2001, the album was certified quadruple platinum but the RIAA for shipments of 4 million units. The album received a nomination for Best Pop Vocal Albumat the 45th Annual Grammy Awards (2003). By January 2003, the album had sold ten million copies worldwide.[51] With worldwide sales of over 10 million copies, “Britney” is one of the best-selling albums of the 21st century.

Spears had more written, artistic control with “Britney”. She had co-written “Lonely”, “Anticipating”, “Cinderella”, “Let me Be”, That’s Where You Take Me”, “Before the Goodbye”.[52] Its lyrical themes address the subjects such as coming of age, adulthood, control, and sexuality. Contributions to its production came from a variety of collaborators, including Max Martin and Rami Yacoub.

Britney produced 6 singles, the lead being “I’m a Slave 4 U” which peaked at number 27 on the Hot 100. It reached the top ten in 20 countries. In October 2023, it was certified platinum for shipments of 1 million units. “Overprotected” was the second single, released in December 2001. "Overprotected" also achieved international commercial success but peaked only at number 86 the US Billboard Hot 100. In 2023, it was certified gold for shipments of 500 thousand units. In 2003, the song received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

— In the Zone (2003)

Spears' fourth album In the Zone was released on November 15, 2003, and it was also a commercial success worldwide, debuting atop of the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 609,000 copies, becoming the first female artist to have her first four albums reach number one and also the youngest artist to have four number albums.[53] Spears also became the second female artist in Billboard's history to have four consecutive number-one albums, behind Janet Jackson who had the most at the time with five. It placed at number 8 on the year-end Billboard 200 for 2004. In October 2023, the album was certified triple platinum by RIAA.[54] Worldwide, it was also a commercial success. It charted at number one in 4 countries and top 10 in 22 countries. It was certified platinum by the IFPI in April 2004 for selling one million copies across Europe, and it was the eight best-selling album of 2003 worldwide, despite being released in November.[55]

The album spawned four singles, the lead single, "Me Against the Music" featuring Madonna peaked at number 35 on the Hot 100,[56] but topped the charts in Australia, Croatia, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Spain, two sub-charts in the U.S and the European Hot 100 Singles chart. The song won the Hot Dance Single of the Year award at the 2004 Billboard Music Awards.[57]

Spears saw wider success with her second single, "Toxic". The single was released in early January 2004 and received widespread critical acclaim. "Toxic" peaked at number one in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Scotland and seven other countries as well as the European Hot 100 Singles chart. In the U.S, it peaked at number nine, giving Spears her fourth top-ten hit, being certified sextuple platinum by RIAA in 2023 for shipments of 6 million units .[58][59] The single earned Spears her first Grammy Award in 2005 for Best Dance Recording.[60] The track is also Spears’ most streamed song on Spotify, crossing one billion streams in July 2023, making it Spears' first billion-streaming song on the service and becoming a member of Spotify's "Billions Club".[61][62] In 2010, the song was voted in Rolling Stone's end of the decade readers poll as the fourth-best single of the decade.[63] In 2021, the song was ranked at number 114 on the list of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In a 2024 article, Billboard's staff ranked "Toxic" at number one on their 100 Greatest Songs of 2004 list.[64] The track is widely cited as among the most influential and innovative songs in pop music.[65][66]

— Blackout (2007)

After the release of Spears’s (greatest hits) compilation album, "Greatest Hits: My Prerogative" in 2004, Spears took a break to focus on her marriage and family. Spears returned to work again in 2006. While working on her fifth album, Spears was proceeding a divorce from her then-husband, Kevin Federline.[67]

On October 25, 2007, Spears released her fifth studio album, "Blackout". The album was due to be released on November 13th, but was rush-released after leaking online. The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 after last minute rule change.[68]This became Spears’s first studio album to not peak at number 1. The album, however, set the record for the highest first-week digital sales for a female artist at the time. Elsewhere, Blackout peaked inside the top 5 in Australia, Brazil, France, Greece, Japan, Mexico, Scotland, Switzerland, the United Kingdom. In October 2023, the album was certified double platinum for shipments of 2 million units. Worldwide, the album has sold over 3.1 million copies.

Blackout produced 3 singles, "Gimme More", "Piece of Me" and "Break the Ice". "Gimme More" was released 2 months prior to the albums release through Jive Records. The single peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 earning britney her second top 5 single since "…Baby One More Time", and her fifth top 10 single overall.[69][70] Gimme More attained worldwide success in Canada, Mexico, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Australia, United Kingdom, Belgium, France and several other countries. In October 2023, it was certified quadruple platinum for shipments of 4 million units.[71] "Piece of Me" was the second single from "Blackout", which was released on November 27th, 2007. The song received widespread acclaim from the music critics with many deeming it as one of the highlights of Blackout.[72][73] It peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Spears's second single from the album to top the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.[74] "Piece of Me" was a global success, topping the charts in Costa Rica and the Republic of Ireland and peaking within the top ten in twelve additional countries. "Piece of Me" earned Spears three VMA’s at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards: Video of the Year, Best Female Video and Best Pop Video. Spears was the most awarded artist that year.[75]

In 2012, Blackout was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's music library and archives.[76] The Hall developed the archive to be the "most comprehensive repository of materials relating to the history of rock and roll … in order to broaden awareness and understanding of rock and roll, its roots, and its impact on our society."[77]

In 2020, Rolling Stone placed Blackout at number 441 on their ‘The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time’.[78]

— Circus (2008)

On December 2, 2008, Spears released her 6th studio album, "Circus". Deemed Spears' comeback record, Circus received generally favorable reviews from music critics upon its release. A global commercial success, the album debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 505,000 copies, becoming her fifth number-one album.[79][1] The album also topped the charts in Canada, Mexico, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the European Top 100 Albums. In October 2023, Circus was certified triple platinum by the RIAA for shipments of 3 million units.[3] The album spent nine weeks within the top ten, making it Spears's longest-running top-ten album since Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), which spent 23 weeks inside the top ten.[4][5] Worldwide, the album has sold over 4 million copies.[6]

Circus spawned four singles, "Womanizer", "Circus", "If U Seek Amy" and "Radar". "Womanizer" was released as the lead single in September 2008. The song debuted at number 96 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and ascended to the summit in its second week, registering the largest leap on the chart at the time.[80] It also became Spears’ second number 1 single on the Hot 100. In October 2023, it was certified sextuple platinum by the RIAA for shipments of 6 million units. It is one of Spears’ highest certified singles in the U.S, along with "Toxic" (sextuple platinum).[81] The song received a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 52nd Grammy Awards, becoming her second nomination in the category.[82] In 2009, the song earned Spears her fourth MTV Video Music Award for ‘Best Pop Video’.[83]

When the album was released, the second single was dropped on the same day, "Circus". The song was a commercial success, topping the charts in Canada, Mexico and Turkey and peaking inside the top ten in Australia, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand, Bulgaria, Israel, Sweden, United States and several others, while also reaching top-twenty positions in many European countries. In the U.S, Circus peaked at number 3[84], giving britney her fourth top five hit and her seventh top ten hit (overall). On a global scale, "Circus" was one of the top ten best-selling songs of 2009 with 5.5 million digital copies sold that year across the world, according to the IFPI.[85] In October 2023, the song was certified quintuple platinum by the RIAA for shipments of 5 million units.[86]

All of the singles from the album are certified platinum or higher by the RIAA, totalling of 14 million shipments.[87]

Other achievements

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— Music-related projects

On November 3, 2004, Spears released her first greatest hits album Greatest Hits: My Prerogative. Despite being considered premature by critics, it was also a commercial success, debuting at number four on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 255,000 copies,[88] spending a total of 35 weeks on the chart.[89] In December, only one month after its release, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million copies.[90] Worldwide, it charted at number one in 6 countries and on the top 10 in almost all countries it charted, including the United Kingdom, where it was certified 3x platinum by BPI in 2013.[91] The compliation was also certified platinum by the IFPI for selling one million copies in Europe.[92]

On November 10, 2009, Spears released her second greatest-hits album The Singles Collection. While it hadn't the same commercial success of its predecessor, it is Spears's longest-charting album on the UK Albums Chart, and one of only two albums by her to spend 100 or more weeks on that chart (the other being her debut, ...Baby One More Time).[93] The album’s only single 3 debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her third number-one song and breaking many chart records. It made Spears the first artist in over three years to debut at the top position and the only non-American Idol artist in eleven years to do so.[94] It was the fifteenth song in the chart history to debut at the top position (the first one since 2006) and also the shortest title for a song reaching the top of the chart.[95] It was later certified 3x platinum by RIAA in 2023.[96]

In April 21, 2011, Spears joined Barbadian singer Rihanna in a remix of her song “S&M"[Note 1] and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for the first time before the remix was released.[97] It became Spears' fifth number-one single on the Hot 100,[97] and it was certified gold by RIAA in 2021.

After a six-year hiatus, Spears returned with "Hold Me Closer",[98] a duet with Sir Elton John, released on August 26, 2022. The song received positive reviews from critics, and it was also a commercial success, topping the charts in five countries and reaching the top ten in 19 countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States, where it peaked at number 3[99] and 6,[100] respectively. The song became Spears' 14th top-ten single on the US, as well as John's 29th. Spears also became the 12th artist to have top-ten entries in four decades (1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s).[101] The single also debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart,[102] becoming the third song in the history of the chart to do so. In September 2024, it was certified platinum by RIAA,[103][104] making Spears one of the few artists to have a platinum single in 4 consecutive decades.

Success of endorsements

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In 1999, Britney released a dolls line produced by Play Along Toys.[citation needed] The dolls were a huge success, with the initial doll selling over 800,000 units. To date, over 5 million of the assorted Britney Dolls have been sold.[105] According to the Winnipeg Free Press, the doll is the second best-selling celebrity doll of all time, behind only the Spice Girls dolls.[106] Production of the doll was later discontinued sometime in late 2001 or early 2002, however, it has become a collectors item among her fans and doll collectors, usually sold on eBay.

In 2002, Spears starred in the teen movie Crossroads, directed by Tamra Davis, alongside Zoe Saldaña and Taryn Manning. The movie was a box-office hit, grossing $61.1 million worldwide[107] on a $10‒12 million budget.[108][107] The film was panned by critics, however, Spears' performance was praised,[109][110][111] being nominated for two MTV Movie Awards[112] and three Teen Choice Awards.[113]

In 2004, Spears endorsed her first Elizabeth Arden perfume, Curious, in 2004, and made $100 million in sales in its first year and was the top selling fragrance of the year.[114] As of 2009, Spears claimed to have sold 30 million bottles worldwide.[115] As of 2012, her fragrances brand had grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide.[116] According to a Daily Express newspaper report in 2013, a bottle of a Spears fragrance was sold every 15 seconds worldwide.[117] Also in 2013, the Hollywood Reporter reported that "Curious” had sold more than 500 million bottles over its first decade.[118] In 2021, Spears's brother Bryan claimed that her perfume sales had grossed $100 billion.[119] As of June 2024, Spears has released 44 fragrances under her brand.

In October 2023, Spears released her memoir The Woman In Me, which was one of the biggest books of the year, becoming a number one New York Times best-seller and selling 1.1 million copies in its first week in the United States.[120] Spears signed a $15 million book deal to write the book, which is one of the biggest book deals of all time,[121] alongside Bill Clinton, who also received $15 million to write his memoir My Life.[122] As of January 11, 2024, The Woman in Me has sold over two million copies in the US, according to People Magazine.[123] The book also debuted atop the Amazon's best-selling "new release" books and generated significant increases in streaming and sales for Spears. In the four days leading up to the release, her catalog experienced a 21% surge in official on-demand U.S. streams, totaling 8.89 million compared to its previous October 13–16 tracking period, which had 7.34 million streams. Additionally, digital sales in the U.S. for Spears more than doubled during these four-day periods, rising from under 1,000 sales from October 13–16 to 2,300 a week later.[124]

Outside the US, the book was translated to 35 languages.[125] In the United Kingdom, The Woman in Me sold 90,656 print copies in its first week, securing the top spot on the Official UK Top 50 chart. It became the second best-selling memoir of 2023, only behind Spare by Prince Harry. The audio version also debuted at number one and sales through all print and digital versions combined reached 170,000 units.[126] In Germany, the translated version of the book debuted at number one in the non-fiction category, whereas the English version started at number five on the same chart. Overall, it achieved sales of 120,000 copies. In France, the book debuted at the number one spots in the top large-format literature and top essay charts and reached sales of 15,000 copies.[127] Worldwide, as of November 1, 2023, it sold an estimated amount of 2.4 million copies in print sales.[128] Three months after its release, the memoir was deemed the "#1 listened to title on Spotify".[129] Before its release, Spears claimed that it was the best-selling celebrity memoir of all time.[130]

Fame and stardom

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Often referred to as the "Princess of Pop", she is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Spears is one of the best-selling music artists of all time,[131] and has released 9 studio albums, and several successful singles.[132] Britney has been noted by authors and journalists of her impact in the music industry.[133][134] Journalists like Billboard have cited Britney as one of the greatest artists of all time, placing her at number 6 on the list.[135]

Honourifics

Billboard ranked Spears eighth overall as one of the greatest artists of the 2000s decade, and the fifth female overall.[136]

In 2016, Spears was honored with the Billboard Millenium Award,[137] which periodically recognize singers of great impact and influence in the music industry.[138] She’s one of the three artists to receive this achievement (alongside Beyoncé and Whitney Houston) and, as of 2024, the last person to receive this recognition.

Creative inspiration

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Influences

Throughout her career, Spears's impact on popular culture has inspired and influenced numerous recording artists and acts. Various artists include:

Notes

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  1. ^ Also known as "S&M Remix" in official releases.

References

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