Elachistocleis
| Elachistocleis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Elachistocleis surinamensis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Microhylidae |
| Subfamily: | Gastrophryninae |
| Genus: | Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 |
| Type species | |
| Rana ovalis Schneider, 1799
| |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Elachistocleis is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern America from Panama southwards. Their common name is oval frogs, although for historic reasons not all species are named so.[1][2]
Taxonomy
[edit]A 2021 study found that the genus originated in the Andes during the Oligocene, and contains two distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Middle Miocene. They dispersed throughout South America following the drying-out of the Pebas mega-wetland system, aided by the Amazon basin and other hydrological systems.[3]
Recent taxonomic evidence indicates that the type species, E. ovalis, is a nomen nudum, as it has no holotype, type locality, and its description lacks detail. The name has been applied to many Elachistocleis populations across South America, which are all now considered to represent undescribed species (with one of these from Trinidad and northern Venezuela being described as E. nigrogularis in 2021). In addition, another Elachistocleis identified from Trinidad in a 1980 study likely represents another undescribed species.[3]
Species
[edit]The following species are recognised in the genus Elachistocleis:[1]
| Binomial name and author | Common name | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Elachistocleis bicolor(Guérin-Méneville, 1838) | Two-colored oval frog | 
|
| Elachistocleis bumbameuboi Caramaschi, 2010 | Maranhão Oval Frog | |
| Elachistocleis carvalhoi
Caramaschi, 2010 |
Northwestern Tocantins Oval Frog | |
| Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) | São Paulo Oval Frog | .jpg)
|
| Elachistocleis corumbaensis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)Piva, Caramaschi, and Albuquerque, 2017 | Piraputangas Oval Frog | 
|
| Elachistocleis erythrogaster
Kwet & Di-Bernardo, 1998 |
Red-bellied oval frog[4] | 
|
| Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer & Vaira, 2013[5] | Jujuy Oval Frog | 
|
| Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 | Humaitá Oval Frog | _Figure_4_(cropped).png)
|
| Elachistocleis nigrogularis
Jowers, Othman, Borzée, Rivas, Sánchez-Ramírez, Auguste, Downie, Read & Murphy, 2021 |
Black-throated Oval Frog (nomen nudum)[6] | |
| Elachistocleis magna
Toledo, 2010 |
Rondônia Oval Frog | |
| Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, 2010 | Mato Grosso Oval Frog | |
| Elachistocleis muiraquitan
Nunes-de-Almeida and Toledo, 2012 |
Acre's Oval Frog | 
|
| Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) | Common oval frog (nomen nudum)[3] | 
|
| Elachistocleis panamensis
(Dunn, Trapido, and Evans, 1948) |
Panama humming frog | |
| Elachistocleis pearsei
(Ruthven, 1914) |
Colombian plump prog | |
| Elachistocleis piauiensis
Caramaschi & Jim, 1983 |
Piaui oval frog | |
| Elachistocleis skotogaster
Lavilla, Vaira & Ferrari, 2003 |
Santa Victoria oval frog | |
| Elachistocleis surinamensis (Daudin, 1802) | Surinam oval frog | 
|
| Elachistocleis surumu
Caramaschi, 2010 |
Roraima Oval Frog |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Elachistocleis Parker, 1927". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2013. Berkeley, California: Elachistocleis. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 29 November 2013).
- ^ a b c Jowers, Michael J.; Othman, Sites N.; Borzée, Amael; Rivas, Gilson A.; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Auguste, Renoir J.; Downie, J. Roger; Read, Morley; Murphy, John C. (2021-02-23). "Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 21: 189–206. doi:10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y. ISSN 1618-1077. S2CID 232167477.
- ^ Solé, Micro (December 8, 2002). "Elachistocleis erythrogaster; Red-bellied Oval Frog". CalPhotos. Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
- ^ Pereyra, L. C.; Akmentins, M. S.; Laufer, G.; Vaira, M. (2013). "A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from north-western Argentina". Zootaxa. 3694 (6): 525–544. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3694.6.2. PMID 26312309.
- ^ Jowers, Michael (February 23, 2021). "Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 21: 189–206. doi:10.1007/s13127-021-00487-y. S2CID 232167477 – via SpringerLink.
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