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La Bastide-l'Évêque

Coordinates: 44°20′29″N 2°08′07″E / 44.3414°N 2.1353°E / 44.3414; 2.1353
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La Bastide-l'Évêque
The Fountain in the main Square
The Fountain in the main Square
Coat of arms of La Bastide-l'Évêque
Location of La Bastide-l'Évêque
Map
La Bastide-l'Évêque is located in France
La Bastide-l'Évêque
La Bastide-l'Évêque
La Bastide-l'Évêque is located in Occitanie
La Bastide-l'Évêque
La Bastide-l'Évêque
Coordinates: 44°20′29″N 2°08′07″E / 44.3414°N 2.1353°E / 44.3414; 2.1353
CountryFrance
RegionOccitania
DepartmentAveyron
ArrondissementVillefranche-de-Rouergue
CantonAveyron et Tarn
CommuneLe Bas Ségala
Area
1
44.16 km2 (17.05 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
755
 • Density17/km2 (44/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal code
12200
Elevation280–713 m (919–2,339 ft)
(avg. 470 m or 1,540 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

La Bastide-l'Évêque (French pronunciation: [la bastid levɛk]; Languedocien: La Bastida de l'Avesque) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.[2] On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Bas Ségala.[3]

Geography

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La Bastide-l'Évêque is located some 5 km east of Villefranche-de-Rouergue and 20 km south by south-west of Decazeville. Access to the commune is by the D911 which comes from Villefranche-de-Rouergue passing along the south-western border of the commune and crossing the narrow neck in the south as it goes east to Rieupeyroux. Access to the village is by the D69 which branches from the D911 on the western commune border and passes through the village continuing east to rejoin the D911 on the eastern border. The D269 goes north from the village then turns west following the northern border and continuing to Villefranche-de-Rouergue. The D905A branches from the D911 in the south of the commune and goes south-east to La Salvetat-Peyralès. Apart from the village the commune has a large number of hamlets:[4][5]

  • Les Aliberts
  • Baraque de L'Ortal
  • La Baume
  • La Bessiêre
  • La Bouriette
  • Les Cabanelles
  • Cabanes
  • Les Cabayrols
  • Cadour
  • Le Cammas
  • Capredonde
  • Les Cayroux Blancs
  • Cazèles
  • Combe Nègre
  • Les Compans
  • Cruorgues
  • Fournies
  • Le Fraysse
  • Galdou
  • Gaudiês
  • Les Gazanes
  • Ginestous
  • Lascals
  • Laval
  • Lonnac
  • Maloyre
  • Mas de la Borie
  • Le Mazuc de Vézis
  • Montbressous
  • Mousset-Bas
  • Moussousse
  • L'Ortal
  • La Pâle
  • Pont du Cayla
  • Pouzoulet
  • Puech Loup
  • La Rangousie
  • Réquista
  • Le Rieu
  • Roumégous
  • Le Serayol
  • Le Serre
  • Teulières
  • La Vaysse
  • Vézes
  • Le Vialardel

The commune is mostly farmland interspersed with a few forests.

The Aveyron river forms most of the northern border as it flows west to eventually join the Tarn at Meauzac. The Lézert flows north through the commune to join the Aveyron on the northern border. The Verlanson also flows north joining the Lézert south of the village. The Ruisseau de Pouzoulet rises near Les Gazanes and also flows north to join the Aveyron. The Ruisseau de Caral rises in the east of the commune and flows north to join the Aveyron.[4][5]

Toponymy

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La Bastide-l'Évêque appears as la Baftide l'Evesque on the 1750 Cassini Map[6] and does not appear at all on the 1790 version although the hamlet of Cadour does.[7]

History

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Founded in 1280 by Bishop Raymond de Calmont, La Bastide l'Évêque is one of the five Bastides in western Rouergue with Najac, Sauveterre-de-Rouergue, Villeneuve d'Aveyron, and Villefranche-de-Rouergue. This was the foundation of the Diocese of Rodez on the remains of Morlhon and Faidits to counter the county bastide of Villafranca (Villefranche-de-Rouergue) to limit its population, influence, and development. The bishop granted a charter in 1280 but politically it was a failure and remained a fortified village.

In the 14th century mining was very important with 13 mills called "martinets" operating in the Lézert Valley. They were used to smelt copper and make cauldrons. This activity continued until the end of the 19th century then died for lack of profitability.

Heraldry

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Arms of La Bastide-l'Évêque
Arms of La Bastide-l'Évêque
Blazon:

Azure, a crozier regardant of Or accompanied in chief of the number s 12 to dexter and 80 to sinister the same, debruised by a lion Argent over the stock of the crozier.



Administration

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List of Successive Mayors[8]

Mayors from the French Revolution to 1930
From To Name
1792 1796 Jean-Jacques Cavanhac
1796 1800 François Rouzies
1800 1812 Jean-Jacques Cavanhac
1812 1843 Jean-Baptiste Dardenne
1843 1848 Hyacinthe Garrigues
1848 1873 Charles Dardenne
1873 1876 Julien Alet
1876 1892 Jean-François Rouzies
1892 1904 Louis Antoine Pachin
1904 1908 Jean-Baptiste Bessou
1908 1912 Célestin Garrigues
1912 1918 Henri Blanc
1918 1930 Léopold Gares
Mayors from 1930
From To Name
1930 1945 Théophile Rouzies
1945 1947 Valentin Laval
1947 1962 Firmin Alet
1962 1977 Gaston Lacassagne
1977 2008 André Darres
2008 2016 Jean Eudes le Meignen

Demography

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The inhabitants of the commune are known as Episcopois or Episcopoises in French.[9]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 260—    
1800 368+5.09%
1806 2,316+35.88%
1821 2,618+0.82%
1831 2,899+1.02%
1836 2,995+0.65%
1841 2,931−0.43%
1846 3,433+3.21%
1851 3,433+0.00%
1856 3,314−0.70%
1861 3,355+0.25%
1866 2,507−5.66%
1872 2,559+0.34%
1876 2,531−0.27%
1881 2,560+0.23%
1886 2,559−0.01%
1891 2,380−1.44%
1896 2,287−0.79%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 2,362+0.65%
1906 2,074−2.57%
1911 2,062−0.12%
1921 1,596−2.53%
1926 1,593−0.04%
1931 1,546−0.60%
1936 1,518−0.36%
1946 1,408−0.75%
1954 1,318−0.82%
1962 1,223−0.93%
1968 1,132−1.28%
1975 964−2.27%
1982 982+0.26%
1990 921−0.80%
1999 882−0.48%
2007 822−0.88%
2012 826+0.10%
2021 755−0.99%
Source: EHESS[10] and INSEE[11][1]

Economy

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The commune is mostly rural with many farms whose business ranges from cattle breeding but mostly sheep. Many tradesmen reside or work in the commune. Some people have chosen to settle in the commune but their occupation is in neighbouring towns like Villefranche-de-Rouergue or Rieupeyroux.

Culture and heritage

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The Martinet de la Ramonde
The Church of Saint John the Baptist
The gate tower on the church

Civil heritage

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  • A Gallo-Roman Bridge at Cayla
  • The Tower of Cayla
  • The Château de Villelongue at Cabanes. A former fief that belonged to the Adhémar de Monteil family then to the Raffin family
  • The Martinet de la Ramonde
  • The Chateau de Réquista (1630) is registered as an historical monument.[12]
The Chateau de Réquista Picture Gallery

Religious heritage

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  • The Church of Saint John the Baptist, a Romanesque Church from the 13th and 14th century with an imposing gate tower

Notable people linked to the commune

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  • Pierre Poujade, politician, died at La Bastide-l'Évêque on 27 August 2003.

Bibliography

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  • Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Pierre Marty, Riu-Peirós, La Bastida-de-l'Evesque, La Capèla-Bleis, Previnquièiras, Sent-Sauvador, Vabre-Tisac / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Riu-Peiros, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1999, Al canton, 304 pages, ill., cov. ill. 28 cm, ISBN 2-907279-42-4, ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 37078683w (in Occitan)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Populations légales 2021" [Legal populations 2021] (PDF) (in French). INSEE. December 2023.
  2. ^ Commune déléguée de La Bastide-l'Évêque, INSEE
  3. ^ Arrêté préfectoral 6 November 2015
  4. ^ a b c La Bastide-l'Évêque on Google Maps
  5. ^ a b La Bastide-l'Évêque on the Géoportail from National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
  6. ^ la Baftide l'Evesque on the 1750 Cassini Map
  7. ^ the 1790 Cassini Map
  8. ^ List of Mayors of France (in French)
  9. ^ Inhabitants of Aveyron (in French)
  10. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet La Bastide-l'Évêque, EHESS (in French).
  11. ^ Populations légales 2012, INSEE
  12. ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00094038 Chateau de Réquista (in French)