Middle Maastrichtian Event
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The Middle Maastrichtian Event (MME) was a climatic perturbation that occurred during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch. The event featured global drying, warming, and changes to ocean circulation and chemistry.
Timeline
[edit]The MME occurred approximately 69.5 Ma.[1]
Causes
[edit]The MME is believed to have been caused by increased volcanic CO2 emissions.[2]
Effects
[edit]In central Alaska, mean annual precipitation (MAP) precipitously declined; it was 353–1050 mm before the MME and 475–1451 mm after the MME but only 168–470 mm during the MME.[1]
The combination of global warming, ocean circulation disruption, ocean acidification, and toxic metal influx caused the extinction of inoceramid bivalves.[2] In northwestern Europe, benthic foraminiferal assemblages remained relatively unchanged.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Salazar-Jaramillo, Susana; Fowell, Sarah J.; McCarthy, Paul J.; Benowitz, Jeff A.; Śliwiński, Maciej G.; Tomsich, Carla S. (1 January 2016). "Terrestrial isotopic evidence for a Middle-Maastrichtian warming event from the lower Cantwell Formation, Alaska". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 441: 360–376. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.044. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ a b Dubicka, Zofia; Wierny, Weronika; Bojanowski, Maciej J.; Rakociński, Michał; Walaszczyk, Ireneusz; Thibault, Nicolas (May 2024). "Multi-proxy record of the mid-Maastrichtian event in the European Chalk Sea: Paleoceanographic implications". Gondwana Research. 129: 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.11.010. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Vancoppenolle, Iris; Vellekoop, Johan; Doubrawa, Monika; Kaskes, Pim; Sinnesael, Matthias; Jagt, John W.M.; Claeys, Philippe; Speijer, Robert P. (8 June 2022). "The benthic foraminiferal response to the mid-Maastrichtian event in the NW-European chalk sea of the Maastrichtian type area". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 101. doi:10.1017/njg.2022.10. ISSN 0016-7746. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Cambridge Core.