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Rapid fire pistol at the Olympics

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ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol
at the Olympic Games
2016 Olympic shooting range
Overview
SportShooting
GenderMen
Years heldMen: 1896, 1900, 19121924, 19322020
Reigning champion
Men Jean Quiquampoix (FRA)

The rapid fire pistol is the only shooting event on the current Olympic programme that dates back to 1896, since the removal of the men's free pistol. The current rapid fire pistol event is the ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol. The format and rules for the rapid fire pistol event changed widely in the early Olympics.[1] The event format has been largely standardized since 1924, though there have been significant rule changes since.

There has never been a women's version of the rapid fire pistol event; the current programme pairs the men's rapid fire pistol with the women's free pistol for gender equality. The event was nominally open to women from 1968 to 1980, although very few women participated these years.[2]

A team event was held twice, in 1912 and 1920.

Variants

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The early Games had a few variants of the event:

  • 1896: The event featured "muzzle-loading" pistols, which were required to be of .45 caliber. The distance was 25 metres, the current standard. As with other 1896 events, a multiplicative scoring system was used. Timing is unknown.[3][4]
  • 1900: This event was limited to professionals (a significant departure from the general amateurism principles of the time). Only six shots were fired per shooter. The pistols used are sometimes described as "military" pistols. Timing is unknown. Distance was 20 metres.
  • 1912: This was a "dueling pistols" event. The timing in this event involved single shots rather than true rapid fire, but the target would appear for only 3 seconds for each shot. A full silhouette target was used. Distance was 30 metres. Hits, rather than score, was used as the first criterion for ranking shooters; only those tied on hits were sorted by score.[5][6][7]
  • 1920: Like 1900, this is sometimes identified as a "military" pistols event. The distance was 30 metres. Shooters fired 30 shots each, with targets that had scoring circles up to 10 points apiece. Shooters had the option of using their team event score or shooting again for the individual match.
  • 1924–1936: These three Games used variations on a hit-or-miss theme. Shots were fired in series of 6 shots, each at 6 targets. The score for the series was how many targets were hit; there were no scoring rings. The initial round used 3 series (maximum score 18), while successive rounds of 1 series each were used to narrow the field from those who scored perfectly. In 1924, the first round had the targets available for 10 seconds, with all later rounds being 8 seconds; for the other two Games, the first round was 8 seconds and the later rounds got faster each round, down to 2 seconds in the fifth round.

Medals

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Men

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
details
Ioannis Frangoudis
 Greece
Georgios Orphanidis
 Greece
Holger Nielsen
 Denmark
1900 Paris
details
Maurice Larrouy
 France
Léon Moreaux
 France
Eugène Balme
 France
1904 St. Louis Not held
1908 London Not held
1912 Stockholm
details
Alfred Lane
 United States
Paul Palén
 Sweden
Johan Hübner von Holst
 Sweden
1920 Antwerp
details
Guilherme Paraense
 Brazil
Raymond Bracken
 United States
Fritz Zulauf
 Switzerland
1924 Paris
details
Henry Bailey
 United States
Vilhelm Carlberg
 Sweden
Lennart Hannelius
 Finland
1928 Amsterdam Not held
1932 Los Angeles
details
Renzo Morigi
 Italy
Heinrich Hax
 Germany
Domenico Matteucci
 Italy
1936 Berlin
details
Cornelius van Oyen
 Germany
Heinrich Hax
 Germany
Torsten Ullman
 Sweden
1948 London
details
Károly Takács
 Hungary
Carlos Enrique Díaz Sáenz Valiente
 Argentina
Sven Lundquist
 Sweden
1952 Helsinki
details
Károly Takács
 Hungary
Szilárd Kun
 Hungary
Gheorghe Lichiardopol
 Romania
1956 Melbourne
details
Ștefan Petrescu
 Romania
Yevgeny Cherkasov
 Soviet Union
Gheorghe Lichiardopol
 Romania
1960 Rome
details
Bill McMillan
 United States
Pentti Linnosvuo
 Finland
Aleksandr Zabelin
 Soviet Union
1964 Tokyo
details
Pentti Linnosvuo
 Finland
Ion Tripșa
 Romania
Lubomír Nácovský
 Czechoslovakia
1968 Mexico City
details (mixed)
Józef Zapędzki
 Poland
Marcel Roșca
 Romania
Renart Suleymanov
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
details (mixed)
Józef Zapędzki
 Poland
Ladislav Falta
 Czechoslovakia
Viktor Torshin
 Soviet Union
1976 Montreal
details (mixed)
Norbert Klaar
 East Germany
Jürgen Wiefel
 East Germany
Roberto Ferraris
 Italy
1980 Moscow
details (mixed)
Corneliu Ion
 Romania
Jürgen Wiefel
 East Germany
Gerhard Petritsch
 Austria
1984 Los Angeles
details
Takeo Kamachi
 Japan
Corneliu Ion
 Romania
Rauno Bies
 Finland
1988 Seoul
details
Afanasijs Kuzmins
 Soviet Union
Ralf Schumann
 East Germany
Zoltán Kovács
 Hungary
1992 Barcelona
details
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Afanasijs Kuzmins
 Latvia
Vladimir Vokhmyanin
 Unified Team
1996 Atlanta
details
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Emil Milev
 Bulgaria
Vladimir Vokhmyanin
 Kazakhstan
2000 Sydney
details
Sergei Alifirenko
 Russia
Michel Ansermet
 Switzerland
Iulian Raicea
 Romania
2004 Athens
details
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Sergei Polyakov
 Russia
Sergei Alifirenko
 Russia
2008 Beijing
details
Oleksandr Petriv
 Ukraine
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Christian Reitz
 Germany
2012 London
details
Leuris Pupo
 Cuba
Vijay Kumar
 India
Ding Feng
 China
2016 Rio de Janeiro
details
Christian Reitz
 Germany
Jean Quiquampoix
 France
Li Yuehong
 China
2020 Tokyo
details
Jean Quiquampoix
 France
Leuris Pupo
 Cuba
Li Yuehong
 China
2024 Paris
details
Li Yuehong
 China
Cho Yeong-jae
 South Korea
Wang Xinjie
 China

Multiple medalists

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Rank Gymnast Nation Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Ralf Schumann  East Germany (GDR)
 Germany (GER)
1988–1996, 2004–2008 3 2 0 5
2 Károly Takács  Hungary (HUN) 1948–1952 2 0 0 2
Józef Zapędzki  Poland (POL) 1968–1972 2 0 0 2
4 Pentti Linnosvuo  Finland (FIN) 1960–1964 1 1 0 2
Corneliu Ion  Romania (ROU) 1980–1984 1 1 0 2
Afanasijs Kuzmins  Soviet Union (URS)
 Latvia (LAT)
1988–1992 1 1 0 2
7 Sergei Alifirenko  Russia (RUS) 2000–2004 1 0 1 2
Christian Reitz  Germany (GER) 2008, 2016 1 0 1 2
9 Heinrich Hax  Germany (GER) 1932–1936 0 2 0 2
Jürgen Wiefel  East Germany (GDR) 1976–1980 0 2 0 2
11 Gheorghe Lichiardopol  Romania (ROU) 1952–1956 0 0 2 2
Vladimir Vokhmyanin  Unified Team (EUN)
 Kazakhstan (KAZ)
1992–1996 0 0 2 2

Medalists by nation

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Germany (GER)5319
2 United States (USA)3104
3 Romania (ROU)2338
4 France (FRA)2215
5 Hungary (HUN)2114
6 Poland (POL)2002
7 East Germany (GDR)1304
8 Soviet Union (URS)1135
9 Finland (FIN)1124
10 Russia (RUS)1113
11 Cuba (CUB)1102
 Greece (GRE)1102
13 Italy (ITA)1023
14 Brazil (BRA)1001
 Japan (JPN)1001
 Ukraine (UKR)1001
17 Sweden (SWE)0235
18 Czechoslovakia (TCH)0112
 Switzerland (SUI)0112
20 Argentina (ARG)0101
 Bulgaria (BUL)0101
 India (IND)0101
 Latvia (LAT)0101
24 China (CHN)0033
25 Austria (AUT)0011
 Denmark (DEN)0011
 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0011
 Unified Team at the Olympics (EUN)0011
Totals (28 entries)26262678

Team rapid fire pistol

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Men

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm
details
Eric Carlberg, Vilhelm Carlberg, Johan Hübner von Holst, Paul Palén
 Sweden
Amos Kash, Nikolai Melnitsky, Grigori Panteleimonov, Pavel Voyloshnikov
 Russia
Hugh Durant, Albert Kempster, Horatio Poulter, Charles Stewart
 Great Britain
1920 Antwerp
details
Louis Harant, Alfred Lane, Karl Frederick, James H. Snook, Michael Kelly
 United States
Alexandros Vrasivanopoulos, Georgios Moraitinis, Iason Sappas, Alexandros Theofilakis, Ioannis Theofilakis
 Greece
Fritz Zulauf, Joseph Jehle, Gustave Amoudruz, Hans Egli, Domenico Giambonini
 Switzerland

References

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  1. ^ Not all sources include the first four appearances of the event (1896, 1900, 1912, and 1920) as rapid fire pistol events. 1980 Official Report, vol. 3, p. 531, lists the prior champions in the rapid fire pistol, including three of those events and indicating they are part of the rapid fire pistol series; the ISSF lists all four at its website.
  2. ^ "Olympedia – Shooting".
  3. ^ "Muzzle-Loading Pistol, 25 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  4. ^ Official Report, part 2, p. 94.
  5. ^ "Muzzle-Loading Pistol, 25 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  6. ^ 1912 Official Report, p. 1062.
  7. ^ 1912 Official Report, p. 701.