Runik
Runik | |
|---|---|
Village | |
  Runik Location in Serbia | |
| Coordinates: 42°47′01″N 20°42′21″E / 42.78361°N 20.70583°E | |
| Location |  Kosovo |
| District | Mitrovica |
| Elevation | 764 m (2,507 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,585 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Runik (Albanian definite form: Runiku) is a village in the municipality of Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. It is located in the Drenica region and has 1,585 inhabitants as of 2011. The village has a football club, KF Përparimi Runik. Runik is the site of an important Neolithic settlement in the wider region. The excavated finds at the site include a baked-clay ocarina, one of the oldest musical instruments which have been found in the Balkans.
History
[edit]Around the 1450s, Serbia was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, having lost its independence after the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 and subsequent conflicts. The Serbian Despotate, which existed as a semi-independent state, was ruled by a despot, but by the mid-15th century, it was increasingly dominated by Ottoman authority. In the Ottoman defters of 1455 and 1485 a village is mentioned with the name Runik ("Mine" in the Serbian language) and in 1485 the village had 31 households[2][3] Names such as 'Radinha Arbanas', 'Nikolla, son of Arbanas' and 'Stepan, son of Lleshi' indicates an Albanian presence[2]. On the other hand, both Nikola and Stepan/Stefan, being names of Latin origin, are popular to this day in modern Serbia.
Rudnik is located the Drenica region, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Mitrovica. The site, one of the most prominent Neolithic sites in the Balkans to date, contains artefacts from the Starcevo, Cardial and Vinca cultures. As of 2020, the two oldest sites of Starčevo are Crkvina near Miokovci, Serbia and Runik which are statistically indistinguishable to each other and have been dated to ca. 6238 BCE (6362-6098 BCE at 95% CI) and ca. 6185 BCE (6325–6088 BCE at 95% Cl) respectively.[4]
It was excavated in 1966-68 and in 1984. Research was conducted in about 35 private parcels in the Dardania neighborhood of Runik. Starčevo and Vinča pottery fragments dating to 6500-3500 BC have been found at the site. A 10,000-square-metre (12,000 sq yd) magnetic survey was conducted at the site in March 2010, and the remains of huts reinforced with wooden joists have been found. Monochrome pottery decorated with red gloss, Cardium pottery, barbotine earthenware and ceramic pottery painted with linear and geometric designs have been found, along with anthropomorphic figurines and cult tables (small altars). Ornamental artifacts include a spiral baked-clay vase tinted with ocher, painted in dark colors and decorated as the palm of a hand. A significant find is a baked-clay ocarina 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length, known as the Runik Ocarina musical instrument.[5]
In the village lay also the ruins of the medieval church "Sveti Đorđe"/"Shen Gjergj" (Saint George).[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "Ethnic composition of Kosovo 2011". pop-stat.mashke.org.
- ^ a b Pulaha, Selami. "Defteri i regjistrimit te Sanxhakut te Shkodrs i vitit 1485". pp. 43, 205–206.
- ^ "Oblast Brankovića : opširni katastarski popis iz 1455. godine | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org.
- ^ Porčić et al. 2020, p. 6
- ^ Berisha 2012, p. 18.
- ^ "LISTA E TRASHEGIMISE KULTURORE NEN MBROJTJE TE PERKOSHME" (PDF).
Bibliography
[edit]- Berisha, Milot (2012). "Archaeological Guide of Kosovo" (PDF). Ministry of Culture of Kosovo.
- Porčić, Marko; Blagojević, Tamara; Pendić, Jugoslav; Stefanović, Sofija (2020). "The timing and tempo of the Neolithic expansion across the Central Balkans in the light of the new radiocarbon evidence". Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 33: 102528. doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102528.
