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Ruy Blas

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Sarah Bernhardt as the Queen, 1879

Ruy Blas (French pronunciation: [ʁɥi blɑ]) is a tragic drama by Victor Hugo. It was the first play presented at the Théâtre de la Renaissance and opened on November 8, 1838. Though considered by many to be Hugo’s best drama, the play was initially met with only average success.

Characters

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  • Ruy Blas
  • Don Salluste de Bazan, Marquis of Finlas
  • Don César de Bazan, Count Of Garofa
  • Don Guritan
  • The Count of Camporeal
  • The Marquis of Santa-Cruz
  • The Marquis of Basto
  • The Count of Albe
  • The Marquis of Priego
  • Don Manuel Arias
  • Montazgo
  • Don Antonio Ubilla
  • Covadenga
  • Gudiel
  • Doña Maria de Neubourg, Queen of Spain
  • The Duchess of Albuquerque
  • Casilda
  • A lackey, an alcalde, alguacils, pages, ladies, lords, privy councillors, chaperones, guards, chamber and court bailiffs

Synopsis

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The scene is Madrid; the time 1699, during the reign of Charles II. Ruy Blas, an indentured commoner (and a poet), dares to love the Queen. The play is a thinly veiled cry for political reform.

The story centers around a practical joke played on the Queen, Maria de Neubourg, by Don Salluste de Bazan, in revenge for being scorned by her. Knowing that his valet Ruy Blas has secretly fallen in love with the Queen, and having previously failed to enlist the aid of his scapegrace but chivalrous cousin Don César in his scheme, Don Salluste disguises Blas as a nobleman and takes him to court. Intelligent and generous, Blas becomes popular, is appointed prime minister, and begins useful political and fiscal reforms, and conquers the Queen's heart. A long speech, 101 lines, in which he contrasts the sordid struggle for sinecures in a decaying monarchy with the glories of Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain), is notable.[1][2]

Don Salluste returns to take his revenge. The Queen and Ruy Blas are betrayed into a compromising situation by Don Salluste, who, when Don César threatens to frustrate his revenge, ruthlessly sacrifices his cousin to his injured vanity. Don Salluste discloses the masquerade by cruelly humiliating Blas – he commands Blas to close the window and pick up his handkerchief, while trying to explain the condition of Spanish politics. Blas kills him and decides to commit suicide with poison. At his dying moment, he is forgiven by the Queen who openly declares her love for him.[1][2]

Antecedents

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Hugo says he began to write the play on 4 July 1838. The play has, except for the dénouement, constant and perplexing likeness to Edward Bulwer-Lytton's The Lady of Lyons, first acted on 14 February 1838. The idea of a valet set by a scorned lover to woo a fine lady had been turned to dramatic account in Molière's Les Précieuses ridicules. Hugo certainly used Henri de Latouche's La Reine d'Espagne (1831). In his very inaccurate autobiography, Victor Hugo raconté par un témoin de sa vie, Hugo notes as sources for the play Madame d'Aulnoy's Memoirs de la cour d'Espagne, Relation du voyage d'Espagne (1690), Alonso Nuñez de Castro's Solo Madrid es corte (1675) and Jean de Vayrac's État présent d'Espagne (1718).[2]

Adaptations

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Franco Manzoni, "Il Teatro Romantico di Victor Hugo (Victor Hugo's Romantic Theatre)" on cesil.com in English Retrieved 3 February 2011
  2. ^ a b c Benjamin Willis Wells (1920). "Ruy Blas" . In Rines, George Edwin (ed.). Encyclopedia Americana.
  3. ^ Philip Radcliffe: Mendelssohn, Publ. J.M.Dent, 1954; 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2001
  4. ^ Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix (1863). Letters from 1833 to 1847. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green. p. 167.
  5. ^ Elvers, Rudolf (8 October 2019). Briefe an deutsche Verleger (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 349. ISBN 978-3-11-082094-2.
  6. ^ "Song from Ruy Blas (Von Dräxler-Manfred, set by (Felix Mendelssohn, Frank Valentin van der Stucken)) (The LiederNet Archive: Texts and Translations to Lieder, mélodies, canzoni, and other classical vocal music)".
  7. ^ W. S. Gilbert, "A PREPOSTEROUS PIECE OF NONSENSE FOR PRIVATE REPRESENTATION" on diamond.boisestate.edu Retrieved 3 February 2011
  8. ^ Ruy Blas libretto (in Italian) on librettidopera.it Retrieved 3 February 2011
  9. ^ Holden, p. 529
  10. ^ "Ruy Blas". IMDb. 15 February 1948.
  11. ^ "La folie des grandeurs". IMDb. 13 December 1971.

References

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Media related to Ruy Blas at Wikimedia Commons