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Content moved from United States Army Futures Command

[edit]

This is text moved from United States Army Futures Command. Perhaps it will be of use in expanding this Multi-Domain Operations article. PRRfan (talk) 18:04, 2 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

(text pt1)

Multi-Domain Operations (MDO); Joint warfighting concept (JADC2)

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  • Multi-Domain Operations (MDO):[a][d]]][4][5][6][7] Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-domain operations.[8][9][10][11][12] Multi-domain battalions,[e] first stood up in 2019,[13][14][15] comprise a single unit[16][17] for air, land,[18] space,[19][20][21][22]—and cyber[23][24] domains.[25][26][24] A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion,[27][28] possibly denoted a strategic fires battalion[29][30][31] (however I2CEWS support would likely be needed),[e] depending on the theater. In 2019, as part of a series of globally integrated exercises, these capabilities were analyzed.[32][33][34] Using massive simulation[6][35] the need for a §new kind of command and control (now denoted JADC2) to integrate this firepower was explored.[18][36]
    • The ability to punch-through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking.[37][38][39] For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satellite[40] capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley.[41] [c] Critical decisions to meet this goal will be decided by data from the results of the Army's ongoing tests of the prototypes under development.[38][42]
    • For example, in Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF), the director of the LRPF CFT envisions one application as an anti-access/area denial (A2AD) probe; this spares resources from the other services;[43] by firing a munition with a thousand-mile range at an adversary, LRPF would force an adversary to respond, which exposes the locations of its countermeasures, and might even expose the location of an adversary force's headquarters. In that situation an adversary's headquarters would not survive for long, and the adversary's forces would be subject to defeat in detail. But LRPF is only one part of the strategy of overmatch by a Combatant commander.
    • In August–September 2020. at Yuma Proving Ground, the US Army engaged in a five-week exercise to rapidly merge capabilities in multiple-domains. The exercise prototyped a ground tactical Network, pushing it to its limits of robustness[44] (as of 2020, 36 miles on the ground, and demonstrated 1500-mile capability above the ground, with kill chains measured in seconds) in the effort to penetrate anti-access/area denial (A2AD) with long-range fires. Longer-range fires are under development, ranging from hundreds of miles to over 1000 miles, with yearly iterations of Project Convergence being planned.[45]
      • MDO (multi-domain operations) and JADC2 (joint all-domain command and control) thus entails: [c]
        1. Penetrate phase: satellites detect enemy shooters
        2. Dis-integrate phase: airborne assets remove enemy long range fires
        3. Kinetic effect phase: Army shooters, using targeting data from aircraft and other sensors, fire on enemy targets.[46]
      • 40th Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville discussed the combination of MDO[d] and JADC2 with 22nd Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown.[44] In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2).[47][48]
        • The ability of the joint services to send data from machine to machine was exercised in front of several of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 2021; this is a prerequisite capability for Convergence of MDO and JADC2.[49][50][51]
  • In July 2022 the 7th ASA(ALT) Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2.[52] This would coordinate,[53] and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army's Project Convergence, the Navy's Project Overmatch and the Air Force's Advanced Battle Management System.[52][54][55][56] See CDAO
  • In July 2022 Army Test and Evaluation Command called for more digital twinning and modeling and simulation,[57] as end-to-end tests become more comprehensive, expensive, and larger-scale;[52] as the scale of an exercise increases, a Synthetic Training Environment (STE) can be used to cut costs.[58]

Notes

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Notes

  1. ^ The Army's unclassified Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept is "the combined arms employment of capabilities from all domains that create and exploit relative advantages to defeat enemy forces, achieve objectives and consolidate gains during competition, crisis, and armed conflict".[1]
  2. ^ Colin Clark (18 Feb 2020) Gen. Hyten On The New American Way of War: All-Domain Operations (ADO)
    • "A computer-coordinated fight": in the air, land, sea, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
      • "forces from satellites to foot soldiers to submarines sharing battle data at machine-to-machine speed"
    • "it's the ability to integrate and effectively command and control all domains in a conflict or in a crisis seamlessly"—Gen. Hyten, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
      • All-Domain Operations (ADO) use global capabilities: "space, cyber, deterrent [the nuclear triad (for mutually assured destruction in the Cold War, an evolving concept in itself)], transportation, electromagnetic spectrum operations, missile defense"
  3. ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018).
    Multi-domain operations (MDO) span multiple domains: cislunar space, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations.
    • In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:
    1. Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
    2. Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
    3. Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
    4. Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
    5. Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.)
  4. ^ a b Echelons above brigade (division, corps, and theater army) engage in a continuum of conflict.[b][c][2]: minute 17:45 [3]
  5. ^ a b When used in multi-domain operations, I2CEWS denotes Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare, and Space. See: ISR, or Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

References

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References

  1. ^ Jen Judson (23 Mar 2022) Multidomain operations concept will become doctrine this summer
  2. ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, US Army (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities The Army is the largest user of Space
      1. Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
      2. Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
        1. Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
        2. Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
        3. Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
        4. Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
      3. NavWar
  3. ^ Lt. Gen. Eric J. Wesley, U.S. Army, Chief Warrant Officer 5 Jon Bates, U.S. Army (May-Jun 2020) To Change an Army—Winning Tomorrow The MDO concept —TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1
  4. ^ "The U.S. Army Modernization Strategy". APG News. 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  5. ^ Anthony Small Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest, US Army, 13 March 2019
  6. ^ a b Todd South (13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-domain ops "400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"
  7. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. "Army Multi-Domain Update: New HQs, Grey Zones, & The Art of The Unfeasible". Breaking Defense. 2018-12-07. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  8. ^ Gen. David G. Perkins, U.S. Army (Nov-Dec 2017) Multi-Domain Battle: The Advent of Twenty-First Century War
  9. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (7 March 2019) US 'Gets Its Ass Handed To It' In Wargames: Here's A $24 Billion Fix Army prepositioned stocks (APS) vulnerability
  10. ^ "Readiness for the 21st Century: An interview with retired Gen. David McKiernan". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  11. ^ Matthew Cox (28 April 2018) How Future Combat Systems Failed
  12. ^ Army Futures Command (28 February 2020) Joint All Domain Command and Control AFC is the functional lead representing the Army in JADC2's development
  13. ^ Lacdan, Joe (19 June 2019). "Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense" (PDF). Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2023. (Fyi: the "original" link at "fortblissbugle.com" is now a gaming site. Only use the archive link.)
  14. ^ * Jason Cutshaw (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-domain operations
  15. ^ US Army (4 Sep 2018) U.S. Army Pacific Commander Gen. Robert Brown: State of the Pacific
  16. ^ Freedberg Jr, Sydney (2018-11-30). "Forget The Terminator For Future Army AI: LTG Wesley". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  17. ^ AUSA Aviation Hot Topic 2018 - PANEL 1 - Multi Domain Maneuver, retrieved 2021-12-15
  18. ^ a b Jason Cutshaw (USASMDC) (8 August 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium Integrated fires across domains
  19. ^ Stephen Clark (8 August 2019) Atlas 5 launch adds to U.S. military's secure communications satellite network Air Force's fifth AEHF (Advanced Extremely High Frequency) communications satellite
  20. ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
  21. ^ John L. Dolan, Richard K. Gallagher & David L. Mann (23 April 2019) Hypersonic Weapons – A Threat to National Security Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS)
  22. ^ Paul McLeary (18 December 2019) MDA Kickstarts New Way To Kill Hypersonic Missiles MDA's Hypersonic Defense Weapon System - 4 Interceptors
  23. ^ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.mil
  24. ^ a b Mezher, Chyrine "How To Wage Global Cyber War: Nakasone, Norton, & Deasy". Breaking Defense. 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  25. ^ Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops 3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris.
  26. ^ "Army aligning modernization programs with other services". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  27. ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service "Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  28. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body "The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"
  29. ^ Jen Judson (14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle 2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype
  30. ^ Judson, Jen (2019-06-05). "Coming soon to the US Army: Combat-capable hypersonic and laser weapons". C4ISRNet. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  31. ^ "Army accelerates delivery of directed energy, hypersonic weapon prototypes". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  32. ^ TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028 "describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future." Link moved here
  33. ^ Claire Heininger (9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-domain battle
  34. ^ Mark Pomerleau (11 April 2018) In the move to multi-domain operations, what gets lost? The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs
  35. ^ Dan Gouré (2 August 2019) Army Futures Command's Report Card After Its First Year Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability
  36. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)
  37. ^ Yasmin Tadjdeh (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies' Standoff Capabilities Summary of standoff
  38. ^ a b Army.mil "Robotic combat vehicles could change way Army looks, fights". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  39. ^ "Aviation Industry Days: Army Aviation aims for more lethal Multi-Domain Operations capability". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  40. ^ Theresa Hitchens (2 December 2019) Hey SDA, AFRL Boosts Space-Based Internet Tests
  41. ^ Joseph Lacdan, Army News Service (21 October 2019) AFC deputy: Combined capabilities make military might more lethal
  42. ^ "The Army joins the Air Force, Navy in attempt to develop hypersonic weaponry". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  43. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (16 July 2020) Army Says Long Range Missiles Will Help Air Force, Not Compete
  44. ^ a b "Army to build on results from first Project Convergence exercise". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  45. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021 PrSM, AFATDS to F-35
  46. ^ Patrick Tucker (24 Sep 2020) Inside the Army's Fearless, Messy, Networked Warfare Experiment Murray: Army software factory will start contributing.
  47. ^ "Army, Air Force form partnership, lay foundation for CJADC2 interoperability". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  48. ^ U.S. Department of Defense (28 Aug 2023) Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks Keynote Address: 'The Urgency to Innovate' (As Delivered) Replicator, introduced at the "NDIA Emerging Technologies for Defense Conference"— Replicator is meant to overcome PRC's mass with AI en masse
  49. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 Apr 2021) New Army Lab Tests Joint Tech: Project Convergence Joint Systems Integration Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground
  50. ^ Joseph Lacdan (17 Apr 2021) Service leaders prioritize integration in joint effort to achieve overmatch JSIL, Aberdeen: Preparation of data fabric for Project Convergence, ABMS JADC2, and Project Overmatch: Army - Air Force - Navy
  51. ^ Colin Demarest (23 Sep 2022) Siemens, 29 others added to Air Force's $950 million JADC2 contract
  52. ^ a b c Jaspreet Gill (11 Jul 2022) Army acquisition exec pushes for joint JADC2 office, large-scale exercise
  53. ^ Colin Demarest (11 Jul 2022) Pentagon's secret JADC2 plan 'evolving', official says, as lawmakers seek audit "The oversight will inform future support and is not meant to be punitive".
  54. ^ Valerie Insinna (17 Jul 2022) Air Force's sixth-gen fighter downselect 'not all that far away,' says Kendall Air Force's Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) will have a private company as prime contractor, but the US government will probably be the prime contractor for integrating efforts involving collaborative combat aircraft (drones), NGAD, and AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile. —USAF Secretary Frank Kendall
  55. ^ Travis Sharp, CSBA (20 Oct 2022) JADC2 spending is sprawling. DoD should keep watch, but Let It Go. Planning, Programming, Budgeting & Execution Process (PPBE) ~ $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion in FY2023 for 30 initiatives in JADC2.
  56. ^ Colin Demarest (21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed".
  57. ^ Jen Judson (15 Jul 2022) Army Test and Evaluation Command pushes to reduce live-fire tests
  58. ^ Jacqueline M. Hames and Margaret C. Roth (14 January 2019) Virtual battlefield represents future of training Training as a service; more content at scale needed.

PRRfan (talk) 18:04, 2 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Additional content moved from United States Army Futures Command

[edit]

This is more text moved from United States Army Futures Command. Perhaps it will also be of use in expanding this Multi-Domain Operations article. PRRfan (talk) 18:05, 2 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

(text pt2)

Progress toward MDO

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Long Range Precision Fires

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The AFC's Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT aims to "deliver cutting-edge surface-to-surface (SSM) fires systems that will significantly increase range and effects over currently fielded US and adversary systems."[1]

In 2018, its five major programs were:

  • The Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA) program which develops a system capable of firing accurately at targets beyond 70 km as opposed to the M109A7's 30 km current range[a]
  • The Precision Strike Mission (PrSM) which is a precision-strike guided SSM fired from the M270A1 MLRS and M142 HIMARS doubling the present rate-of-fire with two missiles per launch pod[b]
  • The Strategic Long-Range Cannon (SLRC) program, which would have developed a system that could have fired a hypersonic projectile up to 1,000 miles against air defense, artillery, missile systems, and command and control targets[3] was terminated 23 May 2022.[4]
  • The Common-Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) is a collaborative program between the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Missile Defense Agency (MDA) which is planned to become the base of the Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) program[5][6][7]
  • A ground-launchable UGM-109 Tomahawk Land Attack Missile, as well as the SM-6 (RIM-174 Standard ERAM) to fill the gap in the Army's mid-range missile capabilities[8][9] has been delivered to RCCTO.[10]
Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon training with All-up-round in its canister, 7 Oct 2021

The kill chains will take less than 1 minute, from detection of the target, to execution of the fires command;[11] these operations will have the capability to precisely strike "command centers, air defenses, missile batteries, and logistics centers" nearly simultaneously.[12][c][14][15]

  • The speed of battle damage assessment will depend on the travel time of the munition. This capability depends on the ability of a specialized CFT, Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) to provide detail.[16][17][18]
    1. Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF): Howitzer artillery ranges have doubled, in excess of 60 km (37 mi) , with accuracy within 1 meter of the aimpoint,[19] currently with sufficient accuracy to intercept cruise missiles, as of September 2020, reaching the 43 mile range as of December 2020.[20]
    2. Precision Strike Missiles (PrSMs) can reach in excess of 150 miles,[21] with current 2020 tests[b]
    3. Mid-range capability (MRC) fires can reach in excess of 500 to 1000 miles,[8] using mature Navy missiles[24][25][26]
    4. Long-Range Hypersonic Weapons (LRHWs) are to have a range greater than 1725 miles.[27][5]

The current M109A6 "Paladin" howitzer range is doubled in the M109A7 variant.[28]: minute 3:07 [29] An operational test of components of the Long range cannon was scheduled for 2020.[30] The LRC is complementary to Extended range cannon artillery (ERCA),[30][31] the M1299 Extended Range Cannon Artillery howitzer.[32] Baseline ERCA is to enter service in 2023.[33][19][34] Investigations for ERCA in 2025: rocket-boosted artillery shells:[35] Tests of the Multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) XM30 rocket shell have demonstrated a near-doubling of the range of the munition, using the Tail controlled guided multiple launch rocket system, or TC-G.[36] The TRADOC capability manager (TCM) Field Artillery Brigade - DIVARTY has been named a command position.[d]

  • An autoloader for ERCA's 95-pound shells is under development at Picatinny Arsenal,[32] to support a sustained firing rate of 10 rounds a minute [19][37] A robotic vehicle for carrying the shells is a separate effort at Futures Command's Army Applications Lab.[32][38]
  • The Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) is intended to replace the Army Tactical Missile System (MGM-140 ATACMS) in 2023.[35] PrSM flight testing is delayed beyond 2 August 2019, the anticipated date for the expiration of the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which set 499 kilometer limits on intermediate-range missiles.[39] (David Sanger and Edward Wong projected that the earliest test of a longer range missile could be a ground-launched version of a Tomahawk cruise missile,[40] followed by a test of a mobile ground launched IRBM with a range of 1800–2500 miles before year-end 2019.[40][41]) The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)[42] was approved on 9 December 2019, which allowed the Pentagon to continue testing such missiles in FY2020.[43] The Lockheed PrSM prototype had its first launch on 10 December 2019 at White Sands Missile Range, in a 150-mile test, and an overhead detonation; the Raytheon PrSM prototype was delayed from its planned November launch,[21] and Raytheon has now withdrawn from the PrSM risk reduction phase.[44] The PrSM's range and accuracy, the interfaces to HIMARS launcher, and test software, met expectations.[21][45] PrSM passed Milestone B on 1 October 2021.[46] Baseline PrSM is to enter service in 2023;[47] an upgraded version of PrSM, with multi-mode seekers will then be sought.[48] The Army needs PrSM Increment 2 for INDOPACOM.[49][33][b]
  • For targets beyond the PrSM's range, the Army's RCCTO will seek a mid-range missile prototype by 2023, with a reach from 1000 to 2000 miles.[50][51][52] Loren Thompson points out that a spectrum of medium-range to long-range weapons will be available to the service by 2023;[53] RCCTO's prototype Mid-Range Capability (MRC) battery will field mature Navy missiles, likely for the Indo-Pacific theater in FY2023.[8] DARPA is developing OpFires, an intermediate-range hypersonic weapon which is shorter-range than the Army's LRHW. DARPA is seeking a role in the armory for OpFires' throttle-able rocket motor, post-2023.[54][55] DARPA announced in July 2022 it successfully tested its OpFires hypersonic weapon at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) for the first time.[56] The OpFires launch was from a Marine Corps logistics truck.[57] OpFires will "rapidly and precisely engage critical, time-sensitive targets while penetrating modern enemy air defenses", potentially to be launched from a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) launcher.[56] These weapons will likely require planning for new Army (or Joint) formations.
  • The Long range hypersonic weapons (LRHWs) will use precision targeting data against anti-access area denial (A2AD) radars and other critical infrastructure of near-peer competitors by 2023.[58][59] LRHW does depend on stable funding.[60][61][62][63][5]
    • Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) 7.0 is the vehicle for a Multi-domain task force's artillery battery very similar to a THAAD battery: beginning in 2020, these batteries will train for a hypersonic glide vehicle which is common to the Joint forces.[64] The Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)[58] glide vehicle is to be launched from transporter erector launchers.[64][65][62] Tests of the Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB) to be used by the Army and Navy were meeting expectations in 2020.[66][5]
    • In August 2020 the director of Assured precision navigation and timing (APNT) CFT announced tests which integrate the entire fires kill chain, from initial detection to final destruction. William B. Nelson announced the flow of satellite data from the European theater (Germany), and AI processing of AFATDS targeting data to the fires units.[17][18][67]
      • In September 2020 an AI kill chain was formulated in seconds; a hypervelocity (speeds up to Mach 5) munition,[68] launched from a descendant of the Paladin, intercepted a cruise missile surrogate.[69]
    • Three flight tests of LRHW were scheduled in 2021;[70] that plan was changed to one test in late 2021, followed by a multi-missile test in 2022.[33][71]

The LRHW has been named 'Dark Eagle'[72] The first LRHW battery will start to receive its first operational rounds in early FY2023; all eight rounds for this battery will have been delivered by FY2023.[73][5] By then, the PEO Missiles and Space will have picked up the LRHW program, for batteries two and three in FY'25 and FY'27, respectively.[73] Battery one will first train, and then participate in the LRHW flight test launches in FY'22 and FY'23.[73][e][74] In February 2023 5th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment (5-3 LRFB) —1st MDTF's long-range fires battalion— deployed the LRHW to Cape Canaveral, a distance of 3100 miles.[75][7]

Mobile, Expeditionary Network

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In Fiscal Year 2019, the network CFT will leverage Network Integration Evaluation 18.2[76] for experiments with brigade level scalability.[77] By 2022, 4 separate network Capability Sets were in-process, simultaneously ('21, '23, '25, and '27).[78]

Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"—PEO C3T.[79][80][81] Avoid overspecifying the requirements for Integrated Tactical Network[82][f][79][88][89][90][91][92][93] Information Systems Initial Capabilities Document. Instead, meet operational needs,[94][77][95] such as interoperability with other networks,[96][97]: minute 26:40 [93] and release ITN capabilities incrementally.[98][82][79]

  • Up through 2028, every two years the Army will insert new capability sets for ITN (Capability sets '21, '23, '25, etc.).[99][100][82][79] and take feedback from Soldier-led experiment & evaluation.[101][102][103] However, the Army's commitment to a 'campaign of learning' showed more paths:[104][105]
    • Firestorm was made possible by a mesh network—improvising an MEO, and then a GEO satellite link between JBLM to YPG.[106] There are plans to have a Project Convergence 2021.[107][108][109] The Army fielded a data fabric at Project Convergence 2020;[110] this will eventually be part of JADC2.[111][112][113][114]
    • Five Rapid Innovation Fund (RIF) awards were granted to five vendors via the Network CFT and PEO C3T's request for white papers. That request, for a roll-on/roll-off kit that integrates all functions of mission command on the Army Network, was posted at the National Spectrum Consortium and FedBizOpps, and yielded awards within eight months.[115][Note 1] Two more awards are forthcoming.
    • The Rapid Capabilities Office (RCO)'s Emerging Technologies Office structured a competition to find superior AI/Machine Learning algorithms for electronic warfare, from a field of 150 contestants, over a three-month period.[116][Note 1]
    • The Multi-Domain Operations Task Force (MDO TF) is standing up an experimental Electronic Warfare Platoon to prototype an estimated 1000 EW soldiers needed for the 31 BCTs of the active Army.[117][118]
  • Capability Set '21 fields ITN to selected infantry brigades to prepare for IVAS Integrated vision goggles. Expeditionary signal brigades get enhanced satellite communications.
    • 1/82nd Airborne, 173rd Airborne, 3/25th ID, and 3/82nd Airborne infantry brigades will all have fielded the Integrated Tactical Network Capability Set '21 by year-end 2021.[119][88] 2nd Cavalry Regiment is getting Capability Set '21 on Strykers,[120] which will test the CS'23 network design on Strykers early.[121]
  • Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '23 is prototyping JADC2 communications and the data fabric, to LEO (Low earth orbit) and to MEO (Medium earth orbit) satellites, as continued in Project Convergence 2021 in Yuma Proving Ground.[110][122][120][123] Capability Set '23 has passed its Critical design review (CDR).[78][g]
  • Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Set '25 will implement JADC2, according to the acting head of the Network CFT (9 June 2021).[125]
  • By 2023 the brigade-centric capability sets CS'21 and CS'23 already support mobile headquarters operation (Infantry and Stryker BCTs). The Armored BCTs are heavily affected by the need to support Large scale combat operations;[126][127][128][129][130] these Heavy brigades are to operate as part of a Division-level, and Corps-level plan.[131]
  • Command post footprint is to be reduced even at the division level, to keep headquarters survivable,[80][131] and the next network updates (the former CS'25) are for the echelons above brigade;[131][128] this new upgrade strategy will make the network more agile.[131]
  • The former Integrated Tactical Network (ITN) Capability Sets for the '25 and '27 waypoints[99] are to be implemented with rapid updates that are independent of previous tests. The Army network will rely upon a single standardized foundation.[131]

  • G-6 John Morrison is seeking to unify the battlefield networks of ITN, and IEN (Enterprise Network), as of September 2021.[132][133]
    • An Army leader dashboard from PEO Enterprise Information Systems is underway.[134][135] The dashboard is renamed Vantage.[136] The dashboard has streamlined and connected data updates for deployments.[137] Cloud-service-provider agnostic abstraction layers are in use, which allows merging the staff work in G-3/5/7 for cyber/EW (electronic warfare), mission command, and space.[138] The "seamless, real-time flow of data" across multiple domains (land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace) is an objective for G-6, as well as the sensor-to-shooter work at Futures command.[139][138][140][110]
    • Fort Irwin, Fort Cavazos, Joint Base San Antonio, and Joint Base Lewis McChord have 5G experiments on wireless connectivity between forward operating bases and tactical operations centers, as well as nonaircraft Augmented reality support of maintenance and training.[141]
    • The Multi-domain task forces (MDTFs)[26] will be used to expose any capability gaps in the Unified network plan.[142][132]

Air, Missile Defense

[edit]

Air, Missile Defense (AMD):[143][144][145][146][147][148] In 2022 plans for FY2023 cruise missile defense were underway.[149] [150]

Schematic 6-layer Air Defense dome, one of multiple arrays linked by Integrated Air and Missile Battle Command System (IBCS)
High Energy Laser Tactical Vehicle Demonstrator
[edit]
High Energy Laser Tactical Vehicle Demonstrator (HEL-TVD) 2019

A contract for the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command's High Energy Laser Tactical Vehicle Demonstrator (HEL TVD) laser system, a 100 kilowatt laser demonstrator for use on the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles, was awarded 15 May 2019 to Dynetics-Lockheed.[151][152] A 300 kilowatt laser demonstrator (HEL-IFPC) effort supersedes the HEL TVD (after the critical design review).[153][154][155][156] System test at White Sands Missile Range in 2023.[151]

[157][158][159][145][160][161][162][163]

  • Maneuver short-range air defense (MSHORAD)[164][145][165] with laser cannon prototypes in 2020,[155] In July 2021 RCCTO conducted a combat shootoff on just how to control pointing these high-energy lasers.[166][167] Raytheon is providing the high energy laser (Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense system —DE M-SHORAD) for the Strykers in 2022.[168][169][170]
  • RCCTO has awarded a contract to build a 300 kW high-energy laser (HEL) for the Army in FY2022, capable of defending against airborne threats, by acquiring, tracking, and maintaining the HEL's aimpoint on the threat until it goes down.[171]

Soldier lethality

[edit]
  1. Soldier Lethality:[172][173][174][175]
    • Next Generation Squad Weapon Program: Expect 100,000 to be fielded to the Close Combat Force:[176][h] Infantry, Armor, Cavalry, Special Forces, and Combat engineers. Tests at Fort Benning in 2019. —Chief of Staff Milley[178]
    • Nine thousand systems, with two drones apiece are being purchased over a three-year period for the 9-man infantry squads heading to Afghanistan.[179]
    • Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) —an augmented reality display— allows soldiers to use multiple sensors to fight.[89] IVAS was put on hold in March 2022, with Congress budgeting $349 million in favor of drones instead.[180] An initial IVAS buy was approved in September 2022 after a six month hold.[90] An improved IVAS is being sought after finding that some soldiers are being physically affected from wearing the goggles.[181]
    • Enhanced night vision goggles (ENVG)-B, will be fielded to an Armor brigade combat team (ABCT) going to South Korea in October 2019[182][176][183]
      • A CCDC program which instrumented a battalion with sleep monitors, Redibands, and smartwatches to detect exertion, detected soldiers with elevated heart rates, indicating the beginnings of a streptococcus infection. This condition was detected by the medics, and would have impacted the battalion, detected before deploying to Afghanistan.[184]
    • Synthetic training environment (STE)—a CFT devoted to an augmented reality system[185][186] to aid planning, using mapping techniques, even at squad level[187][188][189] will begin fielding by 2021.[190][191][192] In October 2019 the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) prototype is being used by Special Operations for planning actual missions.[193][194] Development for the Synthetic Training Environment (STE) is to be accelerated to meet MDO and JADC2 training demands.[195]
  2. On the battlefield of the future, where no headquarters is safe for long, the commander's task is:[196]: p.87 
    • "Avoid being detected and targeted".[197]
    • "Work through and survive attacks".[197]
    • "Rapidly recover from losses".
    • Thus the commander has to be continuously aware of the current status (that is: alive or not) of the deputy commander (and the staff) so that the mission can be completed.

Notes

[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ In late FY2023 18 ERCA prototypes will undergo a one-year operational assessment at Fort Bliss.[2]
  2. ^ a b c Munitions such as PrSM will need to fire and then move, at targets on the move.[22][23]
  3. ^ "[HIMARS] is used to destroy critical communications nodes, command posts, airfields, and important logistics facilities".—Mick Ryerson (Major General, Australian Army, retired)[13]
  4. ^ "That's pretty important because that gives him (Dunwoody) the authority to do what needs to be done across the Army with the myriad responsibilities that he has," Shoffner said." Dunwoody becomes a direct report to the TRADOC commander —Tribune staff (22 August 2019) Colonel named division artillery director
  5. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018).
    Multi-domain operations (MDO) span multiple domains: cislunar space, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations.
    • In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:
    1. Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
    2. Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
    3. Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
    4. Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
    5. Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.)
  6. ^ ASA(ALT) (2018) Weapon Systems Handbook update Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages.
    • By Modernization priority
    • By Acquisition or Business System category (ACAT or BSC). The Weapon systems in each ACAT are sorted alphabetically by Weapon system name. Each weapon system might also be in several variants (Lettered); a weapon system's variants might be severally and simultaneously in the following phases of its Life Cycle, namely—°Materiel Solution Analysis; °Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction; °Engineering & Manufacturing Development; °Production & Deployment; °Operations & Support
    • ACAT I, II, III, IV are defined on page 404.[83][84],[85][86][87]
  7. ^ The Senate Appropriations Committee is cutting an Army component of the FY23 Presidential Budget Request which funds a CS'23 network capability.[124]
  8. ^ The DoD Close Combat Lethality Task Force is hosting the Artificial Intelligence for Small-Unit Maneuver working group in order to foment relationships with OUSD(R&E), the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO), and the Army, Marines, and Special Operations cells for close combat.[177]

References

[edit]

References

  1. ^ Army Futures Command "Long Range Precision Fires CFT". Army Futures Command. U.S. Army. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  2. ^ Maureena Thompson, Army Futures Command (1 June 2022) Army programs promote strength, agility of Long Range Precision Fires
  3. ^ Jen Judson (14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle 2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype
  4. ^ Jen Judson (23 May 2022) US Army terminates Strategic Long-Range Cannon science and technology effort
  5. ^ a b c d e Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service. (updated 23 May 2022) The U.S. Army's Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) Report IF11991, with references to related reports
  6. ^ Frank Wolfe (27 Feb 2023) U.S. Army to Field First Long Range Hypersonic Weapon Battery This Fall, Wormuth Says
  7. ^ a b Emre Kelly, Florida Today (6 Mar 2023) Department of Defense scrubs hypersonic missile test at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
  8. ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (6 November 2020) Army Picks Tomahawk & SM-6 For Mid-Range Missiles Tomahawk (missile) and SM-6 (RIM-174 Standard ERAM)
  9. ^ Feickert, Andrew (March 16, 2021). "U.S. Army Long-Range Precision Fires: Background and Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  10. ^ Emma Helfrich (6 Dec 2022) First Land-Based Tomahawk And SM-6 Launcher Delivered To Army RCCTO
  11. ^ Theresa Hitchens "ABMS Demo Proves AI Chops For C2", breakingdefense.com, 3 September 2020
  12. ^ Dan Gouré (2 Dec 2020) Army's Newest Long-Range Fires System Isn't New, But It Will Be Effective
  13. ^ Tim Lister and Oren Liebermann, CNN (14 Jul 2022) Ukraine's new US rockets are causing fresh problems for Russia
  14. ^ Todd South (20 Aug 2020) Army missile defenders defeat cruise and ballistic missiles nearly simultaneously The test created terabytes of data to be queried.
  15. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (22 Mar 2021) Army Missiles, Missile Defense Race Budget Crunch To 2023
  16. ^ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
      1. Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
      2. Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
        1. Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
        2. Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
        3. Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
        4. Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
      3. NavWar
  17. ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (5 August 2020) Army Tests New All Domain Kill Chain: From Space To AI
    1. Initially, satellites feed data to TITAN.
    2. Prometheus, which is AI software, combs through the data for potential threats and targets.
    3. SHOT, which is also software, tracks each target on a custody list, correlating each target's current location, signature, and threat assessment, with a list of candidate fires countermeasures, ranked by capability, range to the target, kill radius, etc. "SHOT then computes the optimal match of weapons to targets", and passes the list to AFATDS.
    4. Human commanders choose whether to fire, or not, from the list of fires assets (Nelson notes that ERCA and Grey Eagle drones are to be added to the list of fires assets—currently M777 howitzers and MLRS 270 rocket launchers in the upcoming tests, August 2020).
    5. satellites perform Battle damage assessment, to update the list of threats and targets.
  18. ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 August 2020) Can Army Intel Data Feed The Kill Chain? Quickly pooling data will take AI and cloud—"Project Convergence"
  19. ^ a b c Todd South (11 Mar 2020) The Army is 'making artillery great again' Press conference.
  20. ^ Ben Wolfgang (22 Dec 2020) Army's long-range cannon hits target 43 miles away
  21. ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 December 2019) Direct Hit: Army Test-Fires Lockheed Precision Strike Missile EXCLUSIVE
  22. ^ Todd South (20 Sep 2022) Army missile teams will add robots and multi-payload rockets —Hunter Blackwell, CCDC Aviation and Missile Center (AvMC)
  23. ^ US Army AvMC (16 Jun 2021) Video: Autonomous missile launcher destroys enemy threats AvMC concept video —autonomous multi-domain launcher (AML): Jen Judson (16 Jun 2021) US Army fires autonomous launcher in Pacific-focused demo AML demo at Fort Sill utilized a HIMARS launcher and the AML
  24. ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (22 Aug 2023) Army successfully fires Tomahawk missiles from MRC system 1st MDTF, Navy PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons Office
  25. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (12 Mar 2021) Joint World Warms Up To Army Long-Range Missiles Capabilities of MDTF
  26. ^ a b Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service (CRS) (31 May 2022) The Army's Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) report IF11797
  27. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (12 May 2021) Army Discloses Hypersonic LRHW Range Of 1,725 Miles; Watch Out China
  28. ^ Defense Updates U.S ARMY's EXTENDED RANGE CANNON ARTILLERY CREATES WORLD RECORD | HITS TARGET AT 43 MILES or 70 KM !
  29. ^ David Vergun, Army News Service (13 September 2018) Cross-functional teams already producing results, says Futures Command general, House Armed Services Sub-committee hearing, 13 September 2018
  30. ^ a b Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities Office (20 September 2018) Army doubles cannon range in prototype demo
  31. ^ Defense updates (14 Dec 2018) EXTENDED RANGE CANNON ARTILLERY OF U S ARMY- FULL ANALYSIS 5:00 clip. XM1113 shell and XM657 propellant on XM907
  32. ^ a b c Freedberg Jr., Sydney J. (6 March 2020), "New Army Cannon Doubles Range; Ramjet Ammo May Be Next", Breaking Defense
  33. ^ a b c Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (21 Oct 2020) LRPF: Army Missiles, Cannon Face Big Tests In '21
  34. ^ US Army (27 May 2020) Excalibur Round Precision Hit From 65 kilometers at U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground
  35. ^ a b Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, CG RDECOM (25 September 2018) RDECOM's road map to modernizing the Army: Long-range precision fires First in a series
  36. ^ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (8 May 2019) Army demonstrates extended ranges for precision munitions
  37. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (16 Apr 2021) ERCA: Army Contracts To Help New Cannon 'Fire Faster'
  38. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 January 2020) Artillery Seeks Robot Ammo Haulers Field Artillery Autonomous Resupply
  39. ^ Paul McLeary (19 July 2019) Army Readies Long-Range Missile Tests—Post INF
  40. ^ a b David Sanger and Edward Wong The New York Times (2 August 2019) US ends cold war missile treaty, to counter arms buildup by China. p.A7
  41. ^ Paul McCleary (12 Dec 2019) US Busts INF Wall With Ballistic Missile, Puts Putin & Xi On Notice
  42. ^ NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020 Senate report 116-48
  43. ^ Brendan Deveraux (28 Jan 2022) WHY INTERMEDIATE-RANGE MISSILES ARE A FOCAL POINT IN THE UKRAINE CRISIS
  44. ^ Jen Judson (25 Mar 2020) Raytheon exits precision strike missile competition
  45. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 Mar 2020) PRSM: Lockheed Long-Range Missile Passes Short-Range Stress Test 3 layers of LRPF are scheduled to enter service in limited numbers in 2023; also explains its relationship to Future vertical lift (FVL) and Mobile & expeditionary network
  46. ^ Andrew Eversden (1 October 2021) Lockheed Martin's Precision Strike Missile Enters Next Phase with Army
  47. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (30 Apr 2020) Army: Lockheed PrSM Missile Aces Third Flight Test
    • 2023 goal is to deliver 30 PrSMs with 500 km range
    • 2025 goal is to use multi-mode seekers against moving targets
    • Use open architecture to allow multiple vendors to offer upgrades
    • Provide extended range (beyond 650-700 km) within the existing HIMARS MLRS form factor
  48. ^ Andrew Eversden (3 May 2027) The Army could get its next-gen Precision Strike Missiles in FY27
  49. ^ Ashley Rocque (20 Apr 2023) Here are 3 future missiles INDOPACOM says it needs to challenge China
  50. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (08 September 2020) Army Seeks New Mid-Range Missile Prototype By 2023 1000 mile missile needed.
  51. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 October 2020) Army Asks Hill For New Mid-Range Missile $$$ ASAP: Thurgood Fund the Mid-Range Capability (MRC) with 2020 Above Threshold Reprogramming (ATR).
  52. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 October 2020) China, Russia Threats To Drive What Army Keeps & Cuts: Gen. Murray TRAC needs to produce its reports in 3 months or faster.
  53. ^ Loren Thompson (12 Apr 2021) Air Power Advocates Are Attacking Army Long-Range Strike Plans. Here's Why They're Wrong.
  54. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (23 October 2020) DARPA's Hypersonic OpFires Aims For Army 1,000-Mile Missile
  55. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 November 2018) Beyond INF: Countering Russia, Countering China (Analysis)
  56. ^ a b Mike Stone (13 Jul 2022) U.S. successfully tests pair of Lockheed hypersonic missiles
  57. ^ John Vandiver (18 Jul 2022) DARPA scores success with hypersonic missile launch from Marine Corps truck
  58. ^ a b Ryan Pickrell (5 June 2019) The US Army says it will have hypersonic missiles and laser weapons ready for combat in less than 4 years
  59. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)
  60. ^ Bill Greenwalt (13 Dec 2021) New defense budget commission could be last hope for fixing DoD spending.
  61. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 September 2019) Congress' Budget Gridlock Threatens Army Hypersonics G8 is posing a heuristic to get beyond delay in NDAA (national defense authorization act) for 2020 (get Army funding by calendar year-end)
  62. ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (28 Feb 2020) Army Ramps Up Funding For Laser Shield, Hypersonic Sword In FY2021 HELs funding is up 209 percent; LRHW funding is up 86 percent. RCCTO spending is $1 billion in 2021.
  63. ^ Corey Dickstein (3 March 2020) Army to fire two hypersonic test shots this year, McCarthy says
  64. ^ a b Sean Kimmons, Army News Service "Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  65. ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) (12 February 2020) Virtual Reality helps Soldiers shape Army hypersonic weapon prototype LRHW
  66. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body "The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"
  67. ^ Nathan Strout (29 Apr 2022) Army Futures Command learning from Russia's invasion of Ukraine Satellite "sensors also need to be better integrated with Army systems, to the point that satellite data can be downlinked directly to the battlefield".—Willie Nelson, Deputy Asst Sec Army
  68. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (26 January 2018) $86,000 + 5,600 MPH = Hyper Velocity Missile Defense
  69. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 September 2020) Target Gone In 20 Seconds: Army Sensor-Shooter Test
  70. ^ Matthew Cox (5 Aug 2020) Army to Speed Up Testing of Planned Hypersonic Missile
  71. ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (16 February 2021) Speeding ahead: Hypersonics team stays on track to deliver despite pandemic
  72. ^ Theresa Hitchens "'Confident' Of 2023 Fielding Goal, Army Dubs Hypersonic Weapon 'Dark Eagle'", breakingdefense.com, 11 August 2021
  73. ^ a b c Andrew Eversden (15 Oct 2021) First Live Hypersonic Missile Rounds To Be Delivered to Army Unit Next Year
  74. ^ Patrick Tucker (21 Oct 2022) The Military's Network Warfare Experiment Scaled Up This Year
  75. ^ 1st Lt. Richard Parlato (30 March 2023) 1st Multi-Domain Task Force Deploys the Army’s First Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon System
  76. ^ PEO C3T 30 May 2018
  77. ^ a b Justin Eimers, PEO C3T (3 October 2018) Network Cross-Functional Team, acquisition partners experimenting to modernize tactical network In 2018 MG Bassett became (Program Executive Office Command Control Communications-Tactical) PEO C3T)
  78. ^ a b Colin Demarest (28 Apr 2022) US Army wraps review of 'future battlespace' network tools
  79. ^ a b c d PEO C3T (2018) Integrated Tactical Network "is not a new or separate network but rather a concept"
  80. ^ a b PEO C3T Peo3ct.Army.mil (2021) Networking the Soldier ARMY NETWORK CAPABILITY SET MODERNIZATION. 18 pp
  81. ^ Walker, Gleason, and Ayer Peo3ct (7 Jul 2021) Global network super highway postures Army for multi-domain operations Global Agile Integrated Transport (GAIT) is a network design: RHN regional hub network, DoD Teleport Sites, 150 Gait points of presence (POPs)
  82. ^ a b c ASA(ALT) Weapon Systems Handbook 2018 update
  83. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 Sep 2018) Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress
  84. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 March 2019) Army 'Big Six' Ramp Up in 2021: Learning From FCS
  85. ^ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (3 April 2019) Army 'Shark Tank' enabling quick prototyping of new systems
  86. ^ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (18 July 2019) Futures Command showcases efforts ahead of upcoming FOC
  87. ^ Kerensa Crum CCDC Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (14 August 2019) Leader updates Army's modernization priorities Standoff
  88. ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (18 November 2019) New Army Network 'A Revolution' For Airborne: Commander ITN full brigade Network equipment: PEO slide showing connectivity from BCT command post, down to Fire Team leaders cell phones; use each soldiers' IVAS goggles to locate each paratrooper
  89. ^ a b Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (19 November 2019) The Army's tactical network empowers advanced goggle platform IVAS is under STP 2-- "In July 2020, STP 3 will fully integrate the ITN with IVAS"
  90. ^ a b Niamh Cavanagh (3 Sep 2022) U.S. Army approves order for thousands of Microsoft combat goggles Total value is expected to be $21.9 billion over the next 10 years.
  91. ^ Jared Serbu (24 August 2018) Army experimenting with SOF-tested equipment while building long-term tactical network plan
  92. ^ U.S. Army PEO C3T (30 April 2019) Profile: Program Executive Office for Command, Control and Communications-Tactical (PEO C3T)
  93. ^ a b Mark Pomerleau (1 April 2019) How the Army will sustain its tactical network of the future ITN to take advantage of Tobyhanna depot. 5-3-1 model
  94. ^ Mark Pomerleau (21 Jan 2020) What a deployment to the Middle East means for testing a new Army network An operational deployment begun 1 Jan 2020, which won't be instrumented, will provide some Soldier feedback, but instrumented testing is deferred until after redeployment.
  95. ^ C5ISR "Army leaders get firsthand look at C5ISR Center research, development projects". www.army.mil. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  96. ^ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (25 October 2018) Interoperability a key focus in building the Army's future network
  97. ^ DoD (16 May 2018) Army Officials Testify on FY 2019 Budget Request
  98. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (3 April 2019) Multi-Domain Networks: The Army, The Allies & AI: Incremental ITN Capability sets '21, '23, '25
  99. ^ a b Claire Heininger and Amy Walker (26 Apr 2022) 'The backbone of everything we do:' Army advances new communications network baseline
  100. ^ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (21 June 2019) New tech, accessibility to improve Army tactical networks
  101. ^ Amy Walker, PEO C3T (18 June 2019) Modernizing the Network
  102. ^ Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (22 July 2019) CCDC's road map to modernizing the Army: the network 4th in a series
  103. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (29 August 2019) The Fraying Edge: Limits Of The Army's Global Network
  104. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 August 2019) Uncle Sam Wants YOU To Compete For Army Network Upgrade: CS 21 Multiple Expeditionary Signal Battalion – Enhanced (ESB-E) network hardware sets are being fielded simultaneously to individual companies in the 50th Expeditionary Signal Battalion of 35th Signal Brigade/82nd Airborne Division in 2020, to allow maximum testing.
  105. ^ Amy Walker, PM Tactical Network, PEO C3T (4 December 2019) Global network design unifies Army modernization efforts GAIT: worldwide network mesh—CS21
  106. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (21 Sep 2020) 'Improvised Mode': The Army Network Evolves In Project Convergence used a mesh network—50th Expeditionary Signal Battalion—Enhanced (ESB-E) was able to improvise a MEO satellite link in June 2020, to complete the link from JBLM to YPG
  107. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (25 Sep 2020) Longer-Range Missiles & More AI: Project Convergence 2021 PrSM, AFATDS to F-35
  108. ^ Thomas Spoehr (13 November 2020) Project Convergence: Its Success Could Draw Army Astray Risks-- Opfor, Allies & Joint participation, EW jamming, PrSM launches, JADC2, Joint Forces command is a cautionary example.
  109. ^ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (12 February 2021) Army scales up joint capabilities as Project Convergence grows
  110. ^ a b c Andrew Eversden (15 Oct 2020) US Army's tactical network team tests new unified data fabric in Yuma
  111. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (17 Nov 2020) Project Rainmaker: Army Weaves 'Data Fabric' To Link Joint Networks CCDC C5ISR built Project Rainmaker to weave together a data fabric which is foundational to JADC2
  112. ^ FY19 Army Programs (2018) Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A) capability drop 1, 2018
  113. ^ Andrew Eversden (6 Oct 2021) Army Awards Palantir $823M Contract For Enterprise 'Data Fabric' DCGS-A Distributed Common Ground Systems-Army capability drop 2
  114. ^ Claire Heninger and US Army (29 Oct 2021) Bridging the gap: Army weaves data fabric at Project Convergence 21
  115. ^ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (17 October 2018) New players bring novel approaches to the Army's network modernization goals
  116. ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, Army Rapid Capabilities Office (8 November 2018) Cutting through the noise: Army, industry work together to speed up signal detection
  117. ^ Sydney J. FREEDBERG JR. (19 November 2018) Can Army Afford The Electronic Warfare Force It Wants?
  118. ^ Anthony Small Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest, US Army, 13 March 2019
  119. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 May 2021) Paratroopers Pioneer New Army Network, Tactics HMS Manpack and Leader radios, ITN CS '21, can use variable height antenna drones, MUOS constellation: for tactical satellite communications —Andrew Eversden (24 Sep 2021) Army Drops Nearly $350M For New Radios After Two Years of Testing
  120. ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (4 May 2021) Army Network Upgrade Seeks Fast Data For JADC2
  121. ^ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (25 January 2022)Army's integrated network rolls on with Stryker vehicles
  122. ^ Jaspreet Gil (10 Jun 2022) Army CIO: FY23 is 'year of inflection' for digital transformation CIO Raj Iyer: "Iyer said that the overall budget is 'almost flat' going from FY22 to FY23".
  123. ^ Colin Demarest (1 Apr 2022) US Army picks L3Harris and Thales for radio modernization replaces SINCGARS
  124. ^ Jaspreet Gill (2 Aug 2022) In Army, worry follows Senators' proposed cuts to network, comms upgrades: Official Cuts to CS'23 layer will affect upcoming CS'25 capability
  125. ^ Andrew Eversden (9 Jun 2021) Army says 2025 tactical network will make JADC2 a reality
  126. ^ Andrew Eversden (29 Sep 2021) New Army Pilot Program To Test Armored Brigade Mobile Communications N-CFT and PEO C3T are cooperating on CS'25, using 12 M1068 mobile command posts as test vehicles.
  127. ^ Amy Walker, Project Manager Tactical Network, PEO C3T, public affairs (20 December 2022) Future operating environment, strategic need fuel Army's network design goals CS'25, CS'27 goals for Army of 2030
  128. ^ a b Colin Demarest (16 May 2023) US Army preps for fresh mobile communications experiment
  129. ^ Brad Williams (21 Sep 2021) DoD Spending On JADC2 Jumps, With Increased Focus On Interoperability: Report a cautionary note on stovepiped systems —Billy Fabian
  130. ^ Theresa Hitchens (11 Aug 2021) JROC's Next Target: 'Integrated Air & Missile Defense' IAMD will eventually be subject to a JROC capability review —John Hyten. JADC2 will thus have to be harmonized with IAMD.
  131. ^ a b c d e Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (5 May 2023) Keep moving or die: Army will overhaul network for rapid maneuver in big wars "The Army has nixed future 'Capability Set' upgrade packages for brigade networks in favor of smaller, more frequent updates, with the most complex technology reserved for division and corps HQs".
  132. ^ a b Andrew Eversden (23 Sep 2021) Top Army General: Network Modernization 'Never Going To Stop'
  133. ^ CIO and G-6 (8 Oct 2021) The Army Unified Network Plan: ENABLING MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS
  134. ^ Ellen Summey, PEO EIS (1 July 2019) Army Leader Dashboard, creating insight-driven decisions
  135. ^ Lizette Chapman (13 December 2019) Palantir Wins New Pentagon Deal With $111 Million From the Army HR, supply chain, et al.
  136. ^ Billy Mitchell (DEC 26, 2019) Inside Palantir's support of the Army's massive data problem
  137. ^ Capt. Matthew Visser (30 Jul 2022) Reinventing Modern Deployment: Soldiers leverage Army Vantage to make data-driven decisions
  138. ^ a b Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (29 July 2020) Army Future Ops Depend On Cloud – But Not On JEDI
  139. ^ Army Multi-Domain Targeting Center (16 July 2019) Target Mensuration Only TMO
  140. ^ Kelsey Atherton (7 August 2020) Pentagon Code Library Will Support Multiple Clouds
  141. ^ U.S. Army Public Affairs U(3 June 2020) Two Army Installations selected for 5G testing and experimentation
  142. ^ Andrew Eversden (15 Dec 2021) Tactical cloud coming to Army's Multi-Domain Task Forces in 2022
  143. ^ AARON MAK (MAY 12, 2019) Report: Missile System and Surveillance Plane Funding Will Go Towards the Border Wall slate.com
  144. ^ Jason Cutshaw (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (22 March 2019) Army's senior air defender talks future of air, missile defense
  145. ^ a b c Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (13 March 2019) FY20 budget to boost air & missile defense
  146. ^ MG Cedric T. Wins (09.10.2019) CCDC'S road map to modernizing the Army: air and missile defense DVIDS release
  147. ^ Justin Katz (26 Apr 2022) Lockheed sending first five A4 radars to Army next month "Army's Q-53 counterfire target acquisition radar and the Air Force's new long-range radar" 2023 delivery
  148. ^ Jen Judson (27 Apr 2022) US Army plan to replace Patriot interceptors gets a jolt in FY23 budget request Budget request for FY2023: Abbreviated Concept Development Document (ACDD) in FY24. Down select: 2QFY2023–4QFY2025. Concept Development Document by 1QFY24. Rapid capability development phase begins 1QFY25.
  149. ^ Jen Judson (18 Jul 2022) Pentagon plan for homeland cruise missile defense taking shape
  150. ^ Ashish Dangwal (25 Sep 2023) Patriot Missile: Another Country In Chinas Backyard Could Get US Defense System As Tensions Mount With Beijing
  151. ^ a b Jen Judson "Dynetics-Lockheed team beats out Raytheon to build 100-kilowatt laser weapon". Defense News. 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  152. ^ Clark, Colin (2019-05-24) Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood
  153. ^ Ashley Rocque (20 Jul 2023) Lockheed secures $221M Army deal for high-powered air defense laser prototype IFPC-HEL to work with IFPC Inc 2, to integrate with [Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense] AIAMD
  154. ^ Sydney J Freedberg (5 August 2019) New Army Laser Could Kill Cruise Missiles Demonstrator lasers in test 2023, with fielding in 2024
  155. ^ a b Claire Heininger, U.S. Army (1 August 2019) Army awards laser weapon system contract RCCTO has awarded Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contract 26 July 2019 for $203 million to two subcontractors, for prototype high energy lasers (HELs) for MSHORAD
  156. ^ Daniel Wasserbly (14 October 2019) AUSA 2019: Lockheed Martin weighs options for achieving a 250-300 kW air-defence laser Addresses IFPC requirements
  157. ^ Joe Lacdan (22 October 2018) Army to fuse laser technology onto air defense system
  158. ^ Sydney J Freedberg (17 Sep 2020) Lockheed Aims For Laser On Fighter By 2025
  159. ^ Jen Judson (11 Oct 2018) Army nearing strategy on way ahead for Indirect Fire Protection Capability
  160. ^ Sydney J Freedberg Jr.Iron Dome Doesn't Work For Army: Gen. Murray: Interoperability with IBCS is critical, breakingdefense.com, 5 March 2020
  161. ^ Anna Ahronheim (9 MARCH 2020) US Army: Iron Dome cannot be integrated into our air defense systems: Iron Dome offers 12 launchers, two sensors, two battle management centers and 240 interceptors, but US Army's IAMD needs access to Iron Dome Source Code for interoperability w/ IFPC, IBCS
  162. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (9 March 2020) New Missiles Must Work With IBCS Network: Bruce Jette (Exclusive) Each shooter must accept targeting data and firing commands from IBCS, at brassboard level at least
  163. ^ Jen Judson (24 Aug 2021) Here's who the US Army has tapped to build an enduring capability to counter drones and cruise missiles defensenews.com
  164. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (23 Apr 2021) Army Fields First Anti-Aircraft Strykers In Just 3 Years breakingdefense.com
  165. ^ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (2 July 2019) Army rebuilding short-range air defense Manpad training for 19K MOS using synthetic training environment (STE)
  166. ^ Nancy Jones-Bonbrest (10 Aug 2021) Army advances first laser weapon through Combat Shoot-Off Soldier-centered design
  167. ^ Jared Keller (12 Aug 2021) The Army's first laser weapon is almost ready for a fight
  168. ^ Jen Judson (13 Jan 2022) Army readies to deliver first set of Strykers with 50-kilowatt laser weapons
  169. ^ Kris Osborn (1 Feb 2023) Army Strykers Destroy Attacking Drones & Mortars With 50kw Laser
  170. ^ Sputnik (25 Jan 2023) US Reaches Key Milestone On Laser Air Defense; Lockheed Martin Confirms DEIMOS Demonstration Success 50kW laser
  171. ^ Andrew Eversden (26 Oct 2021) Army Awards Laser Weapon Contract To Boeing, General Atomics Team
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  175. ^ Robert Purtiman (21 September 2018) Lethality Cross-Functional Team bringing next generation technologies to Soldiers ENVG-B, Next Generation Squad Weapons, and the Adaptive Soldier Architecture
  176. ^ a b Bridgett Siter, Communications Director, Soldier Lethality CFT (10 September 2019) Soldier Lethality team delivers first big win for AFC Enhanced night vision goggle - binocular (ENVG-B) significantly aids marksmanship by the Close Combat Force
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  178. ^ David Vergun (8 October 2018) Next-generation squad weapon to be very capable, lethal, says Army chief of staff
  179. ^ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (17 June 2019) Army Buys 9,000 Mini-Drones, Rethinks Ground Robots
  180. ^ Andrew Eversden (11 Mar 2022) Congress puts $349M for IVAS 'on hold,' but Army sees major boost to counter drones FLRAA, JLTVs, and Strykers got an increase, as well as the 6 modernization priorities.
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  194. ^ Jen Judson (17 May 2019) US Army's jumping to the next level in virtual training reconfigurable virtual collective trainers (RVCTs)
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PRRfan (talk) 18:05, 2 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

115kb of content for a 1.3kb stub... I'm sure there something here of use to this page. Nice work cutting down that other page, btw. It's becoming much more reasonable and manageable in size. Cheers - wolf 22:44, 2 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]


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