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User:NeuroCaroline/Neurapraxia Proposal

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My groups proposal for the topic of neurapraxia is in the form of a potential article outline:

Intro: What is it?

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temporary failure of nerve conduction in the absence of structural changes, due to blunt injury, compression, or ischemia
  • Focal Conduction Block
  • Transient
Ischemic
affects mainly large-caliber axons
  • More persistent
demyelinating
attributable to an underlying primary/segmental demyelination
axonal constriction
  • injury to a nerve resulting in paralysis without degeneration and followed by rapid and complete recovery of function
  • partial or complete conduction block over a segment of a nerve fiber, with temporary paralysis
  • nerve condition characterized by localized loss of conduction that causes short-term paralysis, there is no degeneration of the axon and complete recovery is usual

Causes of Neuropraxia

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  • focal blocking of impulse conduction usually due to compression
compression:
exogenous pressure affecting a peripheral nerve causes decreased blood flow and structural deformation of nerve fibers
  • conduction study
waveform, amplitude, duration
latency and conduction velocity
types of abnormalities
reference: Peripheral Neuropathy 4th edition, 2005

Diagnosis of Neurapraxia

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  • The most commonly described mechanism of injury is axial compression with a component of either hyperflexion or hyperextension
  • early signs of nerve injury include:
disturbance of sensation, weakness or paralysis of muscle, vasomotor and sudomotor paralysis in distribution of the affected nerve or nerves, abnormal sensitivity of nerve at point of injury
  • Neurapraxia has been reported in association with developmental cervical spinal stenosis, kyphosis, congenital fusions (Klippel-Feil syndrome), cervical instability (traumatic or developmental), and invertebral disc herniation.

Symptoms of Neurapraxia

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  • large myelinated fibers more susceptible than small or unmyelinated ones
  • as result predominant symptoms:
loss of muscle strength
loss of touch sensation
  • disturbance of function can last from hrs to weeks only rarely months
An episode of cervical cord neurapraxia generally resolves in less than 10-15 minutes.

Treatments for Neurapraxia

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  • prognosis for complete recover is good
  • peripheral neurons are large, spatially complex cells whose size and connectivity compromise their capacity to repair
reference: Peripheral Neuropathy 4th edition, 2005
  • Studies have shown that 56% of athletes returning to contact sports experienced a recurrent episode of transient cervical cord neurapraxia.
This number was higher when an athlete returned to football versus another sport

Experimental Case/Research Study on Neuropraxia

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  • Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia
JS Torg, H Pavlov, SE Genuario, B Sennett, RJ Wisneski, BH Robie and C Jahre J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986;68:1354-1370.
  • Cervical cord neurapraxia – An acute transient episode of bilateral sensory and motor abnormalities.

References:

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